5種森林類型土壤理化性質分析

周婉娟 石珊奇 宿少鋒 王小燕 薛楊 林之盼

摘要 [目的] 研究臨高縣5種森林類型土壤理化性質。[方法] 以臨高縣濱海臺地5種典型森林植被為研究對象，利用標準地調查法對不同森林類型土壤理化性質進行分析。[結果]土壤總孔隙度木麻黃林最大（46.17%），桉樹林最小（39.46%）。土壤毛管孔隙度馬占相思林最大（22.57%），次生林最小（18.95%）。土壤含水率木麻黃林最高，平均達27.85%，而次生林含水率最低，平均為434%。土壤pH在4.81～6.59，馬占相思林、木麻黃林和桉樹林均為極強酸性（pH 4.5～5.5）土壤，次生林和椰子林為弱酸性土壤。土壤有機質含量為0.34～28.68 g/kg，有機質含量由高到低依次為馬占相思林、木麻黃林、桉樹林、次生林、椰子林，且隨著土壤深度的增加土壤有機質含量呈遞減趨勢。全氮含量為0.10～1.63 g/kg，馬占相思林土壤全氮含量最高，椰子林最低；全磷含量為0.21～1.74 g/kg，桉樹林全磷含量最高；全鉀含量為0.16～2.15 g/kg，馬占相思林最高。有效磷含量為0.98～132.46 mg/kg，次生林有效磷含量最高；速效鉀含量為303～27.35 mg/kg，椰子林速效鉀含量最高。銨態氮含量為1.38～5.15 mg/kg，硝態氮含量為0.56～3.51 mg/kg，其中馬占相思林硝態氮（平均2.29 mg/kg）和銨態氮含量（平均3.93 mg/kg）最高。同一森林類型，隨著土壤深度的增加，硝態氮和銨態氮含量總體呈遞減趨勢。[結論]該研究為準確評估臨高縣森林土壤肥力的潛力，預測和維護人工林生態系統長期生產力，指導人工林的可持續經營和改造提供參考。

關鍵詞 森林類型；土壤理化性質；臨高縣

中圖分類號 S714.2 文獻標識碼 A 文章編號 0517-6611（2017）13-0114-05

Soil Physical and Chemical Properties of Five Subtropical Forests

ZHOU Wan-juan1 ，SHI Shan-qi2， SU Shao-feng2，3* et al

（1.Forestry Bureau of Dingan County， Dingan，Hainan 571200； 2.Forestry Bureau of Ledong County，Ledong，Hainan 572500； 3.Hainan Forestry Institute，Haikou， Hainan 571100）

Abstract [Objective] To study physical and chemical properties of five types of forest soil in Lingao County. [Method] Taking five types of typical forest vegetation as the research object， soil physical and chemical properties of different forest types were analyzed by using standard survey method. [Result] The soil total porosity of Casuarina equisetifolia forest was the largest （46.17%）， Eucalyptus robusta forest was the smallest（39.46%）. The soil capillary porosity of Acacia mangium forest was the largest （22.57%）， and the secondary forest was the smallest （18.95%）. Soil moisture content was the highest in Casuarina equisetifolia forest， with an average of 27.85%， while that of secondary forest was the lowest， with an average of 4.34%. Soil pH was between 4.81 and 6.59. Acacia mangensis forest， Casuarina equisetifolia forest and Eucalyptus robusta forest were highly acidic soil （pH 4.5-5.5）， and secondary forest and Cocos nucifera forest were weakly acidic. Soil organic matter content was between 0.34 g/kg and 28.68 g/kg， and the order of organic matter content was Acacia mangensis forest， Casuarina equisetifolia forest， Eucalyptus robusta forest， secondary forest， Cocos nuciferaforest， and the soil organic matter decreased with the increase of soil depth. The total nitrogen content was between 0.10 g/kg and 1.63 g/kg， the total nitrogen conten of Acacia mangium forest was the largest， that of Cocos nucifera forest was the smallest. The total phosphorus content was between 0.21 g/kg and 1.74 g/kg，and the total phosphorus content in Eucalyptus robusta forest was the highest， and the total potassium content was 0.16 ～ 2.15 g/kg and content of Acacia mangium forest wast he highest. The available phosphorus content was between 0.98 mg/kg and 132.46 mg/kg， and the available phosphorus content was the highest in the secondary forest. The available potassium content was between 3.03 mg/kg and 27.35 mg/kg， and the available potassium content of Cocos nucifera was the highest. The content of ammonium nitrogen was between 1.38 mg/kg and 5.15 mg/kg， and the nitrate nitrogen content was between 0.56 mg/kg and 3.51 mg/kg. The contents of nitrate nitrogen （average 2.29 mg/kg） and ammonium nitrogen content （average 3.93 mg/kg） in Acacia mangium forest were the highest. In the same forest type， with the increase of soil depth， nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen content also showed a decreasing trend.[Conclusion] The study provides reference for accurate assessment of forest soil fertility potential， predicting and maintaining long-term plantation ecosystem productivity， guiding the sustainable management of plantations and transformation.