部分雞場致病性葡萄球菌的分離·鑒定·藥敏試驗

錢昌銀 胡曉苗

摘要 [目的]從合肥地區(qū)部分養(yǎng)雞場病雞組織中分離葡萄球菌，并對其進行鑒定和藥敏試驗。 [方法] 從合肥地區(qū)部分養(yǎng)雞場病雞組織中分離葡萄球菌，并通過形態(tài)特征觀察、溶血性試驗、血漿凝固酶試驗、生化試驗對其進行鑒定，最后對其進行藥敏試驗。[結(jié)果]共分離到9株葡萄球菌。經(jīng)鑒定，其中4株為金黃色葡萄球菌，在臨床分離的葡萄球菌中為優(yōu)勢群株；在凝固酶陰性葡萄球菌中2株為頭狀葡萄球菌，孔氏葡萄球菌、模仿葡萄球菌和沃氏葡萄球菌各1株。這說明金黃色葡萄球菌是合肥地區(qū)家禽養(yǎng)殖場中葡萄球菌類疾病的主要病原菌。藥敏試驗結(jié)果表明，所有分離菌株對12種臨床常用抗生素均呈不同程度的耐藥性，對青霉素、復(fù)方磺胺甲噁唑和恩諾沙星有較高的耐藥性。凝固酶陰性葡萄球菌與金黃色葡萄球菌在抗藥性方面存在差異。[結(jié)論] 在用抗生素防治葡萄球菌病時需通過藥敏試驗進行藥物篩選。該研究結(jié)果可為養(yǎng)雞場用藥提供參考。

關(guān)鍵詞 葡萄球菌；分離；鑒定；耐藥性；藥敏試驗

中圖分類號 S852.61 文獻標識碼 A 文章編號 0517-6611（2017）13-0111-03

Isolation，Identification and Drug Sensitivity of Pathogenic Staphylococcus in Some Chicken Farms

QIAN Chang-yin1，HU Xiao-miao2

（1.Hefei Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center， Hefei， Anhui 230601；2.Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine， Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Hefei， Anhui 230031）

Abstract [Objective] To isolate and identify staphylococcus in some chicken farms of Hefei，and make drug sensitivity test. [Method] Staphylococcus was isolated from some chicken farms of Hefei and the isolated strains were identified by morphological observation， haemolytic test，plasma coagulase test and biochemical tests. And drug sensitivity test was made. [Result] 9 strains of staphylococcus were isolated. 4 strains of them were identified as Staphylococcus aureus， which was dominant strains. Among negative staphylococcus strains in plasma coagulase test， there were 2 strains of Staphylococcus capitis， one strain of Staphylococcus cohnii， Staphylococcus simulans， Staphylococcus warneri. These results showed that Staphylococcus aureus were main pathogen that caused Staphylococcus diseases in chicken farm of Hefei City. The drug sensitivity test results showed that all strains showed different tolerance to 12 common clinical antibiotics. All isolated strains showed higher drug tolerance to penicillin， compound sulfamethoxazole， enrofloxacin. The negative strains in plasma coagulase test and Staphylococcus aureus had difference drug tolerance. [Conclusion] Drugs should be screened out for preventing and controlling staphylococcus by drug sensitivity test. The research results can provide references for the drug administration in chicken farms.

Key words Staphylococcus；Isolation；Identification；Drug tolerance；Drug sensitivity test

葡萄球菌感染雞后能引起關(guān)節(jié)炎、皮膚（包括翼尖）壞死、急性敗血癥狀和雛雞臍炎等。該病常年發(fā)生，在高溫高濕環(huán)境中最易發(fā)病，雛雞和中雛感染葡萄球菌后死亡率最高，是養(yǎng)雞業(yè)中危害嚴重的疾病之一[1]。雞表皮或黏膜損傷、機體抵抗力弱和飼養(yǎng)管理不善時，處于金黃色葡萄球菌污染環(huán)境下，則容易感染金黃色葡萄球菌。……