薰衣草精油的制備及其微膠囊化工藝研究

林玉環(huán) 高昆 呂鑫華 況鵬群 井文華 王敏敏 趙玉

摘要 [目的]優(yōu)選薰衣草精油的制備及其微膠囊化工藝。[方法]采用水蒸氣蒸餾法制備薰衣草精油，通過單因素試驗和正交試驗，以精油的提取率為指標(biāo)，考察原料粒度、料液比、浸泡時間和提取時間對薰衣草精油制備工藝的影響；采用氣相色譜-質(zhì)譜法（GC-MS）分析薰衣草精油的主體呈香成分及含量；采用大豆分離蛋白、β-環(huán)糊精和麥芽糊精包埋薰衣草精油。[結(jié)果]水蒸氣蒸餾法制備薰衣草精油的最優(yōu)條件為原料粒度60目、料液比1∶15（g∶mL）、浸泡時間1.5 h、提取時間4.0 h，精油的平均提取率為2.34%；經(jīng)GC-MS分析，薰衣草精油的主體呈香成分為萜類化合物及其衍生物，主要有芳樟醇（34.81%）、乙酸芳樟酯（22.44%）等，占精油中揮發(fā)性成分的9348%；最優(yōu)條件下，大豆分離蛋白、β-環(huán)糊精和麥芽糊精的薰衣草精油包埋率分別為64.40%、43.95%和60.84%，大豆分離蛋白的包埋效果最佳。[結(jié)論]水蒸氣蒸餾法可用于薰衣草精油的制備，大豆分離蛋白可作為薰衣草精油的天然包埋材料。

關(guān)鍵詞 薰衣草精油；水蒸氣蒸餾法；正交試驗；呈香成分；微膠囊化

中圖分類號 TQ654+.2 文獻標(biāo)識碼 A 文章編號 0517-6611（2017）13-0076-04

Study on the Preparation Process of Lavender Essential Oil and Its Microencapsulation Process

LIN Yu-huan1， GAO Kun1， L Xin-hua2， KUANG Peng-qun1* et al

（1. Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Lunan Chinese Herbal Medicine， Linyi University， Linyi， Shandong 276000； 2. Feixian Food and Drug Administration， Feixian， Shandong 273400）

Abstract [Objective] To optimize the preparation process for lavender essential oil and its microencapsulation process. [Method] Lavender essential oil was prepared with steam distillation method， extraction yield of essential oil was used as evaluation index to investigate the influences of the granularity of raw material， the ratio of material to liquid， the soaking time and the extraction time on the preparation process of lavender essential oil through single factor and orthogonal test. The composition and content of principal aroma components of the lavender essential oil were analyzed with GC-MS. Lavender essential oil was microencapsulated with soybean protein isolate， β-cyclodextrin and maltodextrin respectively. [Result] The optimum processing conditions for lavender essential oil prepared with steam distillation method were as follows： the granularity of raw material was 60 mesh， the ratio of material to liquid was 1∶15（g∶mL）， the soaking time was 1.5 h and the extraction time was 4.0 h， the average extraction yield of lavender essential oil was 2.34%. After analysis with GC-MS， the principal aroma components of the lavender essential oil were terpenoids and their derivatives， including linalool （34.81%） and linalyl acetate （22.44%）， the total content of these compounds in volatile constituents of lavender essential oil was 93.48%. Under the optimum conditions， the embedding rates of lavender essential oil microencapsulated with soybean protein isolate， β-cyclodextrin and maltodextrin were 64.40%， 43.95% and 6084% respectively， the embedding effect of soybean protein isolate was the best. [Conclusion] Steam distillation method can be used for the preparation of lavender essential oil， and soybean protein isolate can be used as natural embedding material for lavender essential oil.

Key words Lavender essential oil；Steam distillation method；Orthogonal test；Aroma components； Microencapsulation

薰衣草為唇形科薰衣草屬半耐熱性植物，喜涼爽，分布在大西洋群島及地中海地區(qū)至索馬里、巴基斯坦及印度[1]。薰衣草株型優(yōu)美，花色淡雅，香氣清香肅爽，故有“百草之王”的美譽[2]。薰衣草精油含多種芳香族化合物，具有較強的揮發(fā)性，是一種重要的天然香料[3]，同時還具有殺菌、鎮(zhèn)定、松弛平滑肌[4]、抗凝血、抗狂躁、抗氧化、驅(qū)蟲等生物活性[5]。……