太泊湖浮游植物群落結構特征及其與環境因子相關性分析

陶志英 陳文靜 余智杰 張燕萍 王昌來 朱桂根 李左宏 李艷芳

摘要 2013年5月—2014年3月在太泊湖布點，隔月進行1次采樣，監測分析該湖浮游植物群落結構的時空變化和水質情況。結果表明，在該湖中共鑒定浮游植物79種，隸屬于7門，主要為綠藻、藍藻、硅藻；浮游植物細胞豐度在夏、秋、冬季較高，且逐漸增大，春季最低，空間分布上有差異；其優勢種集中在綠藻門，藻類污染指數值為3的小球藻一直是優勢種，9月優勢種種類最多，綠藻商為12；湖水富趨于重富營養化狀態。對高豐度藻類和環境因子進行相關性分析發現，藍藻門和綠藻門呈顯著正相關，藍藻門和綠藻門的細胞豐度與總硬度呈極顯著負相關，與鈣呈顯著負相關，黃藻門的細胞豐度與鎂呈顯著負相關；各藻類細胞豐度和環境因子典范對應分析（CCA）表明，不同藻類受不同環境因子影響。

關鍵詞 太泊湖；浮游植物；富營養化；相關性分析；CCA分析

中圖分類號 X173 文獻標識碼 A 文章編號 0517-6611（2017）13-0063-05

Correlation Analysis of Phytoplankton Community Structure and Environmental Factors in Taibo Lake

TAO Zhi-ying，CHEN Wen-jing*，YU Zhi-jie et al

（Jiangxi Fisheries Research Institute， Nanchang， Jiangxi 330039）

Abstract During the period from May 2013 to March 2014， layout of sampling points in the lake， and sampling once every other month， the spatial and temporal variations of phytoplankton community structure and water quality were monitored and analyzed. The results showed that 79 species of phytoplankton were identified in this lake，its belongs to 7 phyla， with the main dominance of Green algae， Cyanobacteria and Diatoms；cell abundance of phytoplankton in spring， summer， autumn and winter was higher， and gradually increased， spring was the lowest， there were differences in the spatial distribution；its dominant species concentration in Chlorophyta （green algae）， algae pollution index value for 3 of the Chlorella has been the dominant species， most types of the dominant species in September， green algae provider was 12；Lake water was eutrophication trend heavy eutrophication status. Correlation analysis was carried out on the high abundance of algae and environmental factors ， it was found that the Cyanophyta and Chlorophyta had a significant positive correlation， the cellular abundance of Cyanophyta and Chlorophyta and total hardness had a extremely significantly negative correlation，and calcium had a significant negative correlation， the cellular abundance of Xanthophyta and magnesium was significantly negatively correlated；the CCA analysis of the cell abundance of Phytoplankton and environmental factors. The results showed that different algae was affected by different environmental factors.

Key words Taibo lake；Phytoplankton；Eutrophication；Correlation analysis；CCA analysis

浮游植物是水體中重要的初級生產者，能吸收水體中的氮、磷等營養元素，并通過光合作用釋放出氧氣，是整個水生態系統物質循環和能量流動的基礎[1]。它是濾食性魚類的天然餌料，為水質評價提供了生物學參數[2]。

太泊湖是江西省彭澤縣境內第一大湖，屬長江干流下游上段右岸水系，是因地質運動而自然演變形成的河跡洼地型淡水湖泊，其水面寬闊，光照充足，雨量充沛，是該省重要的商品魚生產基地，著名的彭澤鯽就產于該湖；……