馬永玲 王勇 梁仁君 邱繼彩



摘要 采集武河濕地沉積物,采用四酸消解法(HCI-HNO3-HF-HCIO4)對樣品進行處理,測定武河濕地沉積物中6種重金屬(As、Cd、Cu、Hg、Pb和Zn )的含量,分析其空間分布特征,并采用內梅羅綜合污染指數法、潛在生態危害指數法和ERL/ERM評價法評價重金屬的環境風險。結果表明,武河濕地表層沉積物中重金屬含量大多高于環境背景值,空間分布差異性較小。內梅羅綜合污染指數按由大到小依次為Hg、Cd、As,Zn、Cu、Pb,Hg的內梅羅綜合污染指數最大為3.74,綜合污染程度最為嚴重。潛在生態風險評價表明,濕地沉積物中潛在生態危害指數(RI)為743.91,屬Ⅴ極強生態危害。ERL/ERM評價結果顯示,濕地沉積物中Cu、Hg含量高于ERM值,對水生態系統有很強毒性;As、Zn的含量介于ERL和ERM之間,可能會對水域生物產生一定的毒性。
關鍵詞 武河濕地;沉積物;重金屬;空間分布;潛在生態風險評價
中圖分類號 S181.3 文獻標識碼 A 文章編號 0517-6611(2017)13-0059-04
The Spatial Distribution and Ecological Risk Assessment of Characteristics Heavy Metals in the Artificial Wetland Sediment
MA Yong-ling1, WANG Yong2, LIANG Ren-jun1* et al
(1.College of Resources and Environment,Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong 276005;2.President Office, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong 276005)
Abstract The study collected Wuhe wetland sediments and used four acid digestion methods (HCL-HNO3-HF-HClO4) to process samples, content of 6 kinds of heavy metals (As,Cd,Hg,Pb,Zn) and spatial characteristics in the sediments were determined and analyzed. The environment risk of heavy metals further was evaluated by the method of the Nemerow Pollution Index method, Potential Ecological Harm Index and the ERL/ERM.The results showed that the heavy metals in surface sediments of Wuhe Wetland content were mostly higher than those of environment background values, and the spatial distribution difference was smaller. Comprehensive Pollution Index from high to low was Cd, Hg, As, Zn, Cu, Pb. The Pollution Index of Hg element was 3.74, the most serious pollution degree. Potential ecological risk assessment showed that the Potential Ecological Harm Index RI was 734.91, belonging to the very strong ecological harm Ⅴ. ERL/ERM evalution results showed that the content of Cu and Hg element in wetland sediments was higher than the value of ERM, which has a strong toxicity to the water ecological system. The content of As and Zn element was between the ERL and ERM, which may produce certain toxicity to water organisms.
Key words Wuhe Wetland;Deposit Sediment;Heavy Metal;Spatial distribution;Potential ecological risk assessment
重金屬具有難降解性和易累積性,并且具有顯著的生物毒性和持久性,對生態環境構成潛在威脅,現已成為沉積物具有潛在危害的重要污染物[1-3]。沉積物作為濕地中重金屬污染物的匯和源,重金屬可以通過各種途徑進入沉積物,并且在外界條件適宜時,會重新釋放進入水體,造成二次污染,因此對濕地沉積物中重金屬的研究已引起眾多專家學者的重視[4]。
目前,對于沉積物重金屬污染的研究主要集中于重金屬的總量特征、空間分布特征及規律、形態組成、來源分析及生物有效性方面,但對于濕地沉積物重金屬的動態變化過程研究較少,且主要是實驗室研究,野外相關研究較少[5-6]。……