“十二五”期間湘江株洲段水環境健康風險評價

摘要 根據2011—2015年湘江株洲段水質監測資料，對朱亭、楓溪、白石和霞灣4個水質斷面的環境健康風險狀況進行評價。結果表明：①軀體毒物質的個人年風險大小排列為氟化物、銅、鉛、氨氮、汞、氰化物、酚，而基因毒物質的個人年風險大小排序為砷、六價鉻、鎘；②基因毒物質所產生的健康風險遠超過軀體毒物質，基因毒物質為各斷面的優先控制污染物，氟化物為軀體毒物質中優先控制污染物；③“十二五”期間，4個斷面經由飲水途徑所致健康危害的個人年總風險，均超過國際輻射防護委員會（ICRP）推薦的最大可接受值。該評價結論對于指導湘江株洲段水環境風險管理具有參考價值。

關鍵詞 健康風險評價；水環境；湘江

中圖分類號 X820.4 文獻標識碼 A 文章編號 0517-6611（2017）13-0052-04

Water Environmental Health Risk Assessment for Zhuzhou Reach in Xiangjiang River during the Period of the 12th Five-year-plan

SHI Yong

（Zhuzhou Planning and Design Institute，Zhuzhou， Hunan 412000）

Abstract Water environmental health risk assessment for Zhuzhou Reach in Xiangjiang River was conducted based on the water environment health risk analysis model and monitoring date during the years of 2011-2015. The result shows that： ①Ranking of average risk deriving from non-gene toxic substances via drinking water was fluoride， Cu， Pb， NH3， Hg， cyanide， hydroxybenzene， and the ranking of average risk due to gene toxic substances via drinking water was As， Cr6+， Cd on the whole. ②Health risk for individual person caused by gene toxic substances was far greater than that of non-gene toxic substances. Therefore， gene toxic substances should be afforded prior attention. As for non-gene toxic substances， fluoride was the highest priority pollutant among the 4 controlling sections for water quality in the Zhuzhou Reach of Xiangjiang River. ③Total heath risk caused by all pollutants for the 4 sections during the period of the 12th five-year-plan was higher than the value recommended by ICRP. The results can provide important information for water quality management and protection in the Zhuzhou Reach of Xiangjiang River.

Key words Health risk assessment；Water environment；Xiangjiang River

湘江株洲段長度89.6 km，流域面積2 055 km2，自王十萬鄉入境向北，流經株洲縣和市區，至馬家河出境。自20世紀60年代，湘江就成為株洲市區工業廢水和城市居民生活污水的受納水體，而株洲市企業和居民的生活用水大部分取自湘江。為了監控湘江的水質，株洲段設有朱亭（交接斷面）、楓溪（對照斷面）、白石（控制斷面）和霞灣（控制斷面）4個例行監測斷面，其中朱亭、楓溪和白石斷面為省控斷面，霞灣斷面為國控斷面。根據《湖南省株洲市環境質量報告書》（2011—2015年），通過對湘江株洲段4個監控斷面水質監測資料進行水環境評價，“十二五”期間的平均污染指數均較“十一五”期間有所下降，但是對人體健康危害的風險程度卻難以直觀反映出來，目前對“十二五”期間湘江株洲段的水質健康風險研究鮮見報道。……