eff指數(shù)的多尺度景觀破碎化空間特征研究" />
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摘要 采用CBC算法計算的meff指數(shù),基于GIS技術(shù),以寧國市、鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)、1 km2格網(wǎng)3種不同空間尺度區(qū)域為報告單元,選取城市建設(shè)區(qū)域、道路、農(nóng)田、采礦區(qū)、采伐區(qū)、水體6類景觀破碎因子組成景觀破碎幾何量度,研究寧國市景觀破碎空間分布特征。結(jié)果表明,基于3種報告單元的meff值為0~422.92 km2;寧國市景觀破碎空間分布特征明顯,破碎程度較重區(qū)域空間上呈“人”字形分布,城區(qū)破碎化水平最高,市域西北部、南部部分地區(qū)破碎程度相對較輕。
關(guān)鍵詞 景觀破碎;空間分布特征;meff指數(shù);多尺度報告單元;景觀聯(lián)通性;寧國市
中圖分類號 P901 文獻標識碼
A 文章編號 0517-6611(2017)13-0046-06
Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Multi-scale Landscape Fragmentation Based on meff Index——Taking Ningguo City as an Example
GU Xiao-yang1,YU Gen1,WANG Xiao-hui2
(1.School of Resources and Environmental Engineering,Hefei University of Technology,Hefei,Anhui 230009;2.Research Academy of Environmental Sciences of Anhui,Hefei,Anhui 230009)
Abstract The study investigated variation in meff measured by municipal counties,towns and grids of one square kilometer within Ningguo City.The fragmentation geometry was developed by overlaying highways,roads,urbanized areas,agricultural areas,mining areas,cutting areas and the waters.The meff index was calculated by cross-boundary connections (CBC) procedure.The meff values varied from 0 to 422.92 km2 based on three reporting units in Ningguo City,there were obvious characteristic of landscape fragmentation.Spatial distribution of the areas with low meff value shares a feature of herringbone.Degree of landscape fragmentation was the highest in urban area (0.26 km2),with the lowest in northwest and south areas in Ningguo City.The meff values calculated by CBC procedure can satisfied the requirement of analyzing the spatial distribution characteristics of multi-scale landscape fragmentation.
Key words Landscape fragmentation;Spatial distribution characteristic;Multi-scale reporting unit;Effective mesh size;Landscape connectivity;Ningguo City
景觀破碎化是大型生境斑塊在人為及自然破碎因子影響下破碎分離成小型獨立斑塊的過程[1]。城市化建設(shè)、道路擴張及大面積密集型農(nóng)耕等一系列人類活動導(dǎo)致景觀破碎化日趨嚴重[2-4]。景觀破碎化是導(dǎo)致野生動物數(shù)量驟減、生物多樣性破壞的主要原因之一[5-6]。景觀破碎化過程使原有的景觀在結(jié)構(gòu)、功能、生態(tài)過程等方面發(fā)生改變,造成生態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)連通性受阻[2,7]、生物核心棲息地被破壞[2],基因流遭受干擾[8]、外來物種入侵[9]、生物多樣性下降甚至造成原有生物滅絕[1,6]等多種不良影響。同時,頻繁發(fā)生的道路致死現(xiàn)象以及交通噪音也是干擾生物分布與遷徙不可忽視的原因[10-12]。因此,掌握區(qū)域景觀破碎水平、控制破碎程度加劇已成為生態(tài)保護的重要課題[1-2,8]。
目前在定量化分析景觀破碎程度領(lǐng)域,大多采用傳統(tǒng)景觀格局指數(shù)進行研究[1,13-16],主要有斑塊個數(shù)、平均斑塊大小、面積加權(quán)指數(shù)等多個指標[17]。……