李瑞 賀麗瑜 劉冬梅 張元香



摘要 [目的]篩選適宜神木地區種植的品種。[方法]開展向日葵品種比較試驗,分析引進的10個食用向日葵品種的農藝性狀、產量構成和產量、病蟲害特點。[結果]10個品種在神木地區生育期內均無病害發生,生長性狀及產量表現差異較大。其中ZH361最高,百粒重較高,出仁率中等,產量穩定,且籽粒大小適中,商品性高。[結論]ZH361綜合表現較好,適宜進一步推廣種植。
關鍵詞 向日葵;品種試驗;產量
中圖分類號 S565.5 文獻標識碼 A 文章編號 0517-6611(2017)13-0039-02
Comparison Experiment of Different Sunflower Varieties
LI Rui,HE Li-yu,LIU Dong-mei et al
(Shenmu County Agricultural Technology Promotion Center,Shenmu,Shaanxi 719300)
Abstract [Objective] Suitable sunflower varieties were screened in Shenmu Area.[Method] Comparison experiment was carried out to analyze agronomic characters,yield components,yield and pest and disease characteristics of 10 introduced varieties.[Result] The pests and diseases could not be found in the growth period,and the growth traits and yield of ten different sunflower varieties were different.The yield of ZH361 was the highest the 100-grain weight was high,the kernel rate was moderate,the yield was stable,the grain size was moderate,the commodity was high.[Conclusion] Comprehensive performance of ZH361 was good,it was suitable to further be promoted in this area.
Key words Sunflower;Variety experiment;Yield
向日葵具有耐鹽堿、抗干旱、適應性強等特性,為許多國家廣泛種植[1]。我國亦為向日葵種植大國[2],其在我國北方作為經濟作物種植面積較廣[3] 。其中食用向日葵用途廣泛,籽粒經過加工,是人們喜愛的大眾化食品[4]。但食用向日葵實際生產中存在品種單一、老化、退化嚴重等問題[5]。
為此,該研究對內蒙古巴彥淖爾市引進的10個食用向日葵品種進行了栽培對比試驗,旨在觀察食用向日葵在當地的生產性能,篩選出適宜當地土壤與氣候條件的優良品種,為下一步示范推廣提供參考。
1 材料與方法
1.1 試驗地概況
試驗于2016年5—9月在陜西省神木縣喬岔灘呼渠村進行,該地區年平均日照時數2 876 h,平均氣溫8.5 ℃,全年≥10 ℃積溫3 345 ℃,年降雨量440.8 mm,無霜期169 d以上。土壤基本理化性狀為:pH為8.3,土壤有機質4.7 g/kg,有效磷11.1 mg/kg,速效鉀100.0 mg/kg,堿解氮68.0 mg/kg。
1.2 供試材料
供試食用向日葵品種為B138、TY0409、JK601、JH363、ZH361、LX961、SH338、B2133、科陽7號、T33。試驗所用肥料為尿素(含純N為46%)、商品有機肥、金正大復合肥(N∶P∶K=15∶15∶15)、羊糞。
1.3 試驗方法 試驗設10個處理,每個品種為一個處理,3次重復。……