鹽脅迫對航天誘變向日葵生理生化指標的影響

胡曉煒 姜玉瑩 楊軍

摘要 [目的]探究鹽脅迫下航天誘變向日葵生理生化指標的變化。[方法]選用航天誘變向日葵作為試驗材料，用不同濃度（0、0.3%、0.6%、0.9%、1.2%）NaCl進行處理，分別測定其SOD活性、POD活性、MDA含量、可溶性蛋白含量、脯氨酸含量，分析鹽脅迫對航天誘變向日葵生理生化指標的影響。[結果]隨著鹽濃度的增加，SOD活性隨之上升，當鹽濃度為0.6%時，SOD活性下降；POD活性隨鹽濃度的升高而上升；MDA、可溶性蛋白、Pro的含量隨鹽濃度的上升而下降，當鹽濃度為0.9%時其含量呈增加趨勢。[結論]航天誘變向日葵能在0.9%的鹽濃度下正常生長。該研究結果可為篩選抗鹽的向日葵新材料提供理論支持。

關鍵詞 航天誘變；向日葵；鹽脅迫；生理生化指標

中圖分類號 S501；Q945.78 文獻標識碼 A 文章編號 0517-6611（2017）13-0024-03

Effects of Salt Stress on Physiological and Biological Indices of Sunflower Induced by Space Flight

HU Xiao-wei， JIANG Yu-ying，YANG Jun*

（College of Life Science， China West Normal University， Nanchong， Sichuan 637009）

Abstract [Objective] To study the changes of physiological and biochemical indices of sunflower induced by space flight under salt stress. [Method] Taking sunflower induced by space flight as test materials， they were treated with different concentrations of NaCl （0， 0.3%， 06%， 0.9% and 1.2%）. SOD activity， POD activity，MDA content， soluble protein content and proline content were determined. The effects of salt stress on physiological and biochemical indices of sunflower induced by space flight were analyzed. [Result] SOD activity increased with the increase of salt concentration. When salt concentration was 0.6%， SOD activity declined. POD activity increased with the increase of salt concentration. The contents of MDA， soluble protein and proline decreased with the rise of salt concentration. When salt concentration was 0.9%， they increased. [Conclusion] Sunflower induced by space flight can grow normally at salt concentration of 0.9%. These results can provide theoretical support for screening out new sunflower material against salt stress.

Key words Space flight induction；Sunflower；Salt stress；Physiological and biochemical indices

向日葵（Helianthus annuus L.）是菊科向日葵屬的植物，為一年生草本植物，是當今世界上重要的油料作物之一。向日葵種子含人體所必需的亞油酸、油酸以及少量的甾醇（固醇）、維生素E、磷脂、植物蠟及類胡蘿卜素等非皂化物。向日葵屬于生物治鹽堿作物之一[1]，能產果實葵花籽。由于我國西北地區的土地存在鹽堿化較嚴重的問題，如何開發利用這些鹽堿地和有效種植糧食作物和經濟作物，一直以來都是人們關注的問題。若要解決該問題，就要培育具有高抗能力的作物新品種。

向日葵是當今世界第二大油料作物，西華師范大學細胞生物學實驗室于2003年將向日葵種子經過衛星搭載后，經過長達十余年的研究，在觀賞向日葵等方面選育了大量的新材料，并且在遺傳背景分析[2]和生理生化[3]等方面做了大量的基礎研究工作。……