干旱脅迫下5個烤煙品種的生理指標(biāo)變化及抗旱性比較

楊華應(yīng) 劉桂虎 周應(yīng)兵 李廷春

摘要 [目的]比較5個烤煙品種的抗旱性。[方法]選用5個烤煙品種（安煙2號、K326、云煙97、中煙100、中煙14），采用漂浮育苗技術(shù)育苗，在苗期5葉期進行干旱脅迫處理，并對與抗旱性相關(guān)的部分生理指標(biāo)進行了測定。[結(jié)果]相同的干旱脅迫條件下，某些烤煙品種對干旱的敏感程度和忍耐力存在顯著差異，安煙2號和中煙14的抗旱性相近，屬抗旱性較強的品種，云煙97和中煙100次之，K326的抗旱性最弱。[結(jié)論]該研究結(jié)果可為干旱地區(qū)烤煙主栽品種的選擇提供參考。

關(guān)鍵詞 烤煙品種；干旱脅迫；抗旱性；生理指標(biāo)

中圖分類號 S501 文獻標(biāo)識碼 A 文章編號 0517-6611（2017）13-0020-04

Physiological Changes and Drought Resistance Comparison of 5 Flue-cured Tobacco Cultivars under Drought Stress

YANG Hua-ying， LIU Gui-hu， ZHOU Ying-bing*， LI Ting-chun*

（Tobacco Research Institute， Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Hefei， Anhui 230031）

Abstract [Objective] To study the drought resistance of 5 flue-cured tobacco cultivars. [Method] Five flue-cured tobacco cultivars were selected and cultured by using floating seedling-raising technology. And they were treated with drought stress at 5-leaf period of seedling. And some physiological indices related with drought resistance were determined. [Result] Under the same conditions of drought stress， the sensitivity and tolerance of some flue-cured tobacco cultivars to drought had significant difference. The drought resistance of Anyan 2 and Zhongyan 14 was similar， belonging to flue-cured tobacco cultivars with stronger drought resistance. The drought resistance of Yunyan 97 and Zhongyan 100 followed by， and the drought resistance of K326 was the most worst. [Conclusion] The results can provide reference for selecting main varieties of flue-cured tobacco in arid areas.

Key words Flue-cured tobacco；Drought stress；Drought resistance；Physiological index

烤煙是我國重要的經(jīng)濟作物之一，整個生育期對水分的要求高。篩選鑒定抗旱的種質(zhì)是目前選育優(yōu)良抗旱品種的前提，為此研究者們也開展了烤煙抗旱性研究以及抗旱品種篩選工作。汪耀富等[1]研究表明，丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、過氧化物酶（POD）與過氧化氫酶（CAT）均可作為煙草品種抗旱性的衡量指標(biāo)之一。上述指標(biāo)對干旱脅迫的反應(yīng)都很敏感，而干旱對煙株的傷害可能與其體內(nèi)活性氧代謝失調(diào)有關(guān)。

尹福強[2]采用盆栽試驗研究了干旱處理對不同品種煙草植株的理化指標(biāo)的影響，結(jié)果表明，干旱處理后，CAT活性和MDA含量顯著增加，脯氨酸（Pro）含量迅速積累，抗旱品種的SOD活性先迅速升高然后逐漸下降，非抗旱品種的SOD則在干旱處理期間緩慢上升。

筆者以新育成的烤煙品種（安煙2號）、生產(chǎn)上3個烤煙主栽品種（K326、云……