新疆某水庫浮游植物群落結(jié)構(gòu)特征

祁峰 陳朋 李紅 謝春剛 陳牧霞 馬燕武

摘要 [目的]掌握新疆某水庫浮游植物群落變化特征。[方法]2016年對(duì)新疆某水庫10個(gè)采樣站位的浮游植物及水體主要理化因子進(jìn)行了3次調(diào)查。[結(jié)果]共鑒定出浮游植物56種（屬），其中優(yōu)勢(shì)種（屬）10種。種類組成上，由春季的金藻-硅藻型轉(zhuǎn)變成夏季硅藻-綠藻型再到秋季藍(lán)藻-硅藻型。浮游植物總平均生物量為7.32 mg/L，生物量季節(jié)變動(dòng)顯著，春季高于夏季，秋季最低。垂直分布方面，春季和夏季浮游植物生物量表層均高于中層和底層，秋季各水層間差異不顯著。PCA分析顯示庫區(qū)浮游植物群落結(jié)構(gòu)從春季到秋季的顯著梯度變化情況，入庫水流與庫區(qū)浮游植物群落結(jié)構(gòu)差異顯著。[結(jié)論]研究結(jié)果為水環(huán)境評(píng)價(jià)與保護(hù)、資源合理利用和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供了參考。

關(guān)鍵詞 浮游植物；群落結(jié)構(gòu)；水體；理化因子

中圖分類號(hào) Q948.8 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼 A 文章編號(hào) 0517-6611（2017）13-0009-04

Community Characteristics of Phytoplankton in a Reservoir of Xinjiang

QI Feng1，2，CHEN Peng1，2，LI Hong1，MA Yan-wu1，2* et al

（1.Institute of Fishery Research of Xinjiang Uygur Autonenous Region，Urumqi，Xinjiang 830000；2.Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources and Environment in Northwest China，Ministry of Agriculture，Urumqi，Xinjiang 830000）

Abstract [Objective] The aim was to study community characteristics of phytoplankton in a reservoir of Xinjiang.[Method] We carried out three investigations on phytoplankton and physical and chemical factors of 10 sites in a reservoir of Xinjiang in 2016.[Result] It was identified 56 species，10 species out of which once formed dominant populations.The specific composition shifted from chrysophyta and bacillariophyta to bacillariophyta and chlorophyta，to further establish cyanophyta and bacillariophyta.The total mean biomass of phytoplankton was 7.32 mg/L.The biomass changed significantly，and the peak biomass of spring was higher than summer with the lowest in autumn.The biomass of surface was higher than middle layer and bottom layer in spring and summer，and the differences between each layer did not represent obviously.PCA showed significant gradients changes of phytoplankton community from spring to autumn in the area of reservoir and notable differences of phytoplankton community between inflow and reservoir.[Conclusion] The results provide reference for water environment evaluation and protection，reasonable utilization of resources ecosystem sustainable development.

Key words Phytoplankton；Community structure；Water；Physical and chemical factors

浮游植物是水生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中重要的初級(jí)生產(chǎn)者，浮游植物群落能對(duì)環(huán)境條件的變化做出復(fù)雜而快速的響應(yīng)，其群落的變化可以被看成是對(duì)水質(zhì)變化的一個(gè)很好的指示[1]。同時(shí)，作為水域生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的生產(chǎn)者，其群落結(jié)構(gòu)的變化還會(huì)引起系統(tǒng)中食物網(wǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)的改變，并影響水生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的能量流動(dòng)、物質(zhì)循環(huán)和信息傳遞[2]，是反映河流、湖泊以及水庫環(huán)境變化的理想研究對(duì)象。

新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)地處我國(guó)干旱半干旱地區(qū)，水庫是重要的供水水源。近年隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的迅速發(fā)展，污水排放量不斷增加，部分水庫水質(zhì)日趨下降，而浮游植物作為反映水質(zhì)狀況的重要類群，研究其在水庫中的動(dòng)態(tài)變化對(duì)了解水質(zhì)和水庫生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康的評(píng)估具有重要意義。……