黑龍江省涼水國家自然保護區白腐真菌多樣性調查

王玉俊 楊佳利 張躍華 岳麗紅

摘要 [目的]探明黑龍江省涼水國家級自然保護區白腐真菌資源現狀及分布情況，為合理開發和保護白腐真菌資源提供參考。[方法]采用實地調查、查閱文獻資料等方法對涼水國家級自然保護區白腐真菌進行采集、鑒定。[結果]獲得涼水國家級自然保護區白腐真菌標本306份，初步鑒定出67種，分屬于14科，其中多孔菌科、韌革菌科、側耳科和球蓋菇科為優勢科。涼水國家級自然保護區白腐真菌多分布于闊葉林，其次是混交林和針葉林，而發生于草地和灌叢的白腐真菌相對較少。[結論]涼水國家級自然保護區白腐真菌資源豐富，具有較好的開發應用前景。

關鍵詞 白腐真菌；真菌多樣性；優勢科；涼水國家級自然保護區

中圖分類號 S718.81；Q939.5 文獻標識碼 A 文章編號 0517-6611（2017）13-0006-03

Investigation on Diversity of White Rot Fungi of the Liangshui National Reserve in Heilongjiang Province

WANG Yu-jun1， YANG Jia-li2， ZHANG Yue-hua2， YUE Li-hong1*

（1.College of Life Science，Jiamusi University，Jiamusi，Heilongjiang 154007；2.Institute of Agriculture and Environmental Biology，Jiamusi University，Jiamusi，Heilongjiang 154007）

Abstract [Objective] The aim was to investigate the resources status quo and distribution of white rot fungi of Liangshui National Reserve， and provide references for rational exploitation and protection of the resources of white rot fungi. [Method] White rot fungi of Liangshui National Reserve were collected and identified by the method of field investigation and consulting literature materials. [Result] A total of 306 white-rot fungi specimens were obtained from Liangshui National Reserve， and 67 species were identified， belonging to 14 families， among them， Polyporaceae， Stereaceae， Pleurotaceae and Stropharia were dominant families. White rot fungi of Liangshui National Reserve were mostly distributed in broad-leaved forest， followed by mixed forest and coniferous forest， there were relative few white rot fungi occur in grassland and shrub. [Conclusion] Liangshui National Reserve is abundant in white rot fungus resources， and has a broad development and application prospects.

Key words White rot fungi；Fungi diversity；Dominant family；Liangshui National Reserve

白腐真菌是一類引起木材白色腐朽的絲狀真菌的集合，具有較強的降解木質素能力。這類生物具有特殊的生理生化機制及強大的降解代謝能力，通過分泌胞外氧化酶降解木質素和同木質素結構相似的多種難降解有機污染物，具有較高應用價值，成為人類的寶貴資源[1]。涼水國家級自然保護區具有明顯的北溫帶大陸性季風氣候特征。保護區森林類型多樣、地形復雜、雨量充沛，樹木、腐木交錯橫生，枯枝落葉層深厚肥沃，為腐生、兼性寄生等不同生態習性的白腐真菌種群提供了優越的生長發育條件，孕育著豐富的白腐真菌資源。迄今尚未見較為系統的涼水國家級自然保護區白腐真菌資源調查及鑒定的研究報道。……