云南怒江草果產(chǎn)業(yè)現(xiàn)狀及可持續(xù)發(fā)展對(duì)策

熊建秀 楊志清

摘要實(shí)地考察了怒江州草果產(chǎn)業(yè)的現(xiàn)狀，并結(jié)合對(duì)草果莖、葉、果和果穗中揮發(fā)油含量的研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)怒江州草果種植存在品種混雜、種植管理粗放、坐果率低、加工方式和銷售渠道簡單、草果莖葉和果穗未開發(fā)利用等問題。建議規(guī)范草果種質(zhì)來源和質(zhì)量；進(jìn)一步對(duì)農(nóng)戶進(jìn)行規(guī)范化栽培的田間管理、采收、加工的培訓(xùn)；積極探索新型發(fā)展模式，形成規(guī)范化的草果種植加工生產(chǎn)鏈條；同時(shí)加強(qiáng)對(duì)草果全株的綜合開發(fā)利用。

關(guān)鍵詞草果產(chǎn)業(yè)；生產(chǎn)現(xiàn)狀；存在問題；發(fā)展對(duì)策；怒江

中圖分類號(hào)S-9文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼A文章編號(hào)0517-6611（2017）10-0236-02

The Present Situation and Countermeasures for Its Sustainable Development of Amomum Tasoko Industry in Nujiang Prefectrue of Yunnan Province

XIONG Jianxiu1， YANG Zhiqing 2*

（1.College of Agronomy and Biotechnology，Yunnan Agricultural University，Shangpu Town Agricultural Comprehensive Service Center in Fugong County of Nujiang Prefecture，Nujiang，Yunnan， 673405；2.Yunnan Research Center on Good Agriculture Practice for Dominant Chinese Medicinal Meterials，Yunnan Agricultural University，Kunming， Yunnan 650201）

AbstractThe status of amomum tasoko industry in Nujiang was investigated， combining with the study on volatile oil content of stem，leaf and grain，the results showed that the varieties were mixed， the management was extensive， the fruit setting rate was low， and the processing methods and the sales channel was simple， the development and utilization of waste was insufficient. The suggestion was to standardize the source and quality of the grass seed germplasm， further train the farmer to carry out the field management， harvesting and processing of the standardized cultivation， actively explore the new development mode， form a standardized chain for the cultivation and processing of amomum tasoko；strengthen the comprehensive development and utilization.

Key wordsAmomum tasoko industry；Production status；Existing problems；Development countermeasures；Nujiang

草果又稱草豆蔻、草果子、草果仁，為姜科豆蔻屬多年生常綠叢生草本經(jīng)濟(jì)植物，適宜生長在海拔 1 200～2 000 m、年平均溫度17～19 ℃、年平均降雨量1 000～1 600 mm、相對(duì)濕度80%～85%的闊葉林中，果實(shí)成熟呈紅褐色[1]。

草果果實(shí)提取的精油用于醫(yī)藥和香料工業(yè)；干果可作為中藥材，治療脘腹脹痛、痞滿嘔吐、瘧疾寒熱、瘟疫發(fā)熱之疾[2]。草果種植3～4年后即可開花結(jié)果，可連續(xù)結(jié)果20年以上，草果種植能帶來巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)收入。草果是怒江州的特色經(jīng)濟(jì)作物之一，草果種植收入是怒江州瀘水縣、福貢縣、貢山縣山區(qū)群眾主要經(jīng)濟(jì)來源之一。筆者基于怒江州草果產(chǎn)業(yè)的現(xiàn)狀，提出了可持續(xù)發(fā)展對(duì)策，旨在為草果產(chǎn)業(yè)和可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供參考。

1生產(chǎn)現(xiàn)狀

怒江傈僳族自治州位于云南省西北部，怒江中游，因怒江由北向南縱貫全境而得名。全州林地面積達(dá)90萬 hm2，占全州土地面積的74.4%，森林覆蓋率61.4%。……