余興 賈云生 吳湘琴 賈兵 葉振風(fēng) 朱立武


摘要[目的]探討油桃果實(shí)頂腐形成的原因。[方法]以中油5號(hào)油桃果實(shí)為試材,分別測(cè)定正常油桃與頂腐油桃果實(shí)中Ca含量;從頂腐油桃上分離純化得到致病菌,采用CTAB法提取菌絲DNA,對(duì)其進(jìn)行rDNA-ITS鑒定,利用NCBI在線Blast工具進(jìn)行致病菌rDNA-ITS同源性比較。[結(jié)果]病果果實(shí)中Ca元素含量顯著低于對(duì)照;腐爛壞死部位分離出2種不同類(lèi)型菌絲,分別為弱寄生菌“黑變病”與“黑酵母菌”。[結(jié)論]油桃頂腐主要是由缺鈣誘發(fā)后弱寄生菌侵染造成的。
關(guān)鍵詞油桃;頂腐;Ca;弱寄生菌
中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)S662.1文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼A文章編號(hào)0517-6611(2017)10-0152-03
Analysis on Top Rot of Nectarine Fruits
YU Xing1,JIA Yunsheng2,WU Xiangqin2 et al
(1.Anhui Institute of Geological Experiment,Hefei,Anhui 230001; 2.College of Horticulture,Anhui Agriculture University,Hefei,Anhui 230036)
Abstract[Objective] The aim was to explore the formation causes of nectarine fruit top rot.[Method] The fruit of nectarine cultivar ‘Zhongyou5 was as testing materials,and Ca content in fruit between the normal and top rot nectarine were determined.The pathogenic bacteria was isolated and purified from the top rot nectarine,the mycelium DNA was extracted by CTAB method,and the rDNAITS sequence was analyzed and identified,and the homology was compared by the NCBI Blast online tools.[Result] Ca content in the disease fruit was significantly lower than in the control; two kinds of different types mycelium were separated from fruit decay and necrotic areas,which the weak parasitic fungus was respectively melanosis and black yeast.[Conclusion] Nectarine top rot is mainly caused by calciumdeficiency,then is infected by the weak parasite.
Key wordsNectarine;Top rot;Ca;Weak parasite
我國(guó)油桃栽培始于20世紀(jì)70年代,20世紀(jì)80年代先后推出了曙光、華光、艷光、瑞光系列、秦光系列、中油系列的多系列甜油桃品種。到20世紀(jì)90年代,油桃保護(hù)地栽培迅速崛起,成為栽培的主要方式之一,在生產(chǎn)中所占的比例越來(lái)越大,其中,陜西渭南油桃保護(hù)地栽培占栽培總量的90%以上[1]。安徽省碭山縣是傳統(tǒng)水果種植大縣,其中保護(hù)地油桃種植面積近萬(wàn)畝,經(jīng)濟(jì)效益較高。
Ca是一種不易被植物吸收且吸收后又不易移動(dòng)的元素,大量的Ca存在于葉中,果實(shí)中甚少。Ca只能單向(向上)轉(zhuǎn)移,并受蒸騰作用的影響,常常會(huì)發(fā)生低蒸騰果實(shí)中的Ca向樹(shù)體倒流的現(xiàn)象,因而果實(shí)極易表現(xiàn)出缺Ca癥狀。在果樹(shù)栽培中僅由此所造成的果實(shí)腐爛等損失占產(chǎn)量的20%~30%,經(jīng)濟(jì)損失嚴(yán)重[2]。保護(hù)地栽培,油桃生長(zhǎng)速度就減緩,果實(shí)發(fā)育變慢,成熟期推遲。同時(shí)由于光照不足,枝條出現(xiàn)不同程度的徒長(zhǎng),葉片變大變薄,光合速率明顯下降,致使果實(shí)發(fā)育和營(yíng)養(yǎng)生長(zhǎng)間出現(xiàn)不平衡[3]。……