內蒙古化德縣貯期通風庫內馬鈴薯腐爛的病原鑒定

張凱 王希卓 孫潔 楊琴 孫海亭

摘要[目的]明確內蒙古貯期馬鈴薯主要貯藏病害種類。[方法]2015年10月至2016年4月在內蒙古烏蘭察布市化德縣對貯期通風庫內腐爛的馬鈴薯進行取樣，采用組織分離法對病原菌進行分離、純化培養以及形態觀察與分子鑒定。[結果]造成化德縣貯期馬鈴薯腐爛的病害有干腐病（Fusarium spp.）、晚疫病（Phytophthora infestans）、早疫病（Althernaria solani）、環腐病（Clavibacter michiganense subsp. sepedonicus）、軟腐病（Erwnia spp.），其中，干腐病為主要病害。經鑒定，引起馬鈴薯干腐病的病原菌有4種：接骨木鐮刀菌（Fusarium sambucinum）、燕麥鐮刀菌（Fusarium Link）、銳頂鐮孢（Fusarium acuminatum）、木賊鐮刀菌（Fusarium equiseti）。致病疫霉引起的晚疫病及部分茄鏈格孢引起的早疫病易發生復合侵染，多出現在腐爛較嚴重的薯塊，貯藏后期病薯多存在真菌復合侵染現象，腐爛嚴重薯塊還存在細菌復合侵染現象。[結論]試驗結果為馬鈴薯貯期防病提供了理論依據。

關鍵詞馬鈴薯；貯期病害；病原鑒定；CTAB法；PCR擴增；分子鑒定

中圖分類號S509.3文獻標識碼

A文章編號0517-6611（2017）10-0147-05

Identification of Pathogen of Potato Rot Disease Inner Ventilation Bank of Huade County， Mongolia during Storage Period

ZHANG Kai， WANG Xizhuo， SUN Jie et al（Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering，key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Postpartum Processing，Ministry of Agriculture，Beijing 100125）

Abstract [Objective] The aim was to clear main pathogen of potato rot disease inner ventilation bank of Huade County， Mongolia during storage period. [Method] We sampled rotten potato during the storage period from October， 2015 to April， 2016 inner ventilation bank of Huade County， Wulanchabu City， Mongolia， used organizational separation method to separate and culture pathogens， and defined through the means of morphology and molecular identification. [Result] There were several diseases to cause potato rot disease during the storage period in Huade County， such as dry rot disease（Fusarium spp.）， late blight disease（Phytophthora infestans）， early blight disease（Althernaria solani），ring rot disease（Clavibacter michiganense subsp. sepedonicus） and rot disease（Erwnia spp.）， among them the dry rot disease was the main disease. There were 4 kinds of pathogens cause dry rot disease of potato through the identification， such as Fusarium sambucinum，Fusarium Link，Fusarium acuminatum and Fusarium equiseti. The late blight disease caused by Phytophthora infestans and early blight disease caused by part Alternaria solani were often happened in much serious rot potatoes which occurred mixed infection， and these potatoes were always infected by variety of fungi in the late period of storage， the severe rotting potatoes were occurred complex infection by bacterium. [Conclusion] The results provide theoretical basis for disease control of potato during storage period.

Key wordsPotato；Storage diseases；Identification of the pathogen；The CTAB method；PCR amplification；Molecular identification

馬鈴薯由于具有適應范圍廣、抗逆性強、單產水平高、糧菜兼用、營養豐富、節水節地等優勢，近年來越來越受重視，種植面積與產量也連年增加。尤其在2015年余欣榮副部長發表了關于我國“馬鈴薯主糧化”戰略的談話之后，可預見今后幾年我國的馬鈴薯產量仍會保持較高的增長速度。隨著馬鈴薯產業的不斷發展，鮮薯的貯藏量不斷擴大，貯藏周期進一步延長，貯藏病害造成的腐爛問題也日漸突出。據統計，病害造成的產后馬鈴薯損失普遍在10%以上[1-3]，由于貯藏管理不規范等原因，部分地區馬鈴薯產后損失更是高達20%～30%[2]，甚至達50%造成爛窖[3]。……