不同提取方法測定桑葉黃酮和多糖的含量

賈福懷 黃貝梅 涂宏建 陶剛 涂建飛

摘要[目的]通過不同提取方法測定桑葉中黃酮和多糖的含量，探討最佳提取方法。[方法]分別采用超聲波提取法、堿水提取法和煎煮法3種方法提取桑葉中多糖和黃酮，利用分光光度計法測定桑葉中多糖和黃酮的含量。[結果]超聲波法測得黃酮含量最高，為1.702%；煎煮法測得多糖含量最高，為2.437%；堿水法測得黃酮和多糖均為3種方法最低的。[結論]利用不同提取方法，桑葉中黃酮和多糖測定結果差異較大，黃酮測定用超聲波法效果最佳，多糖測定用煎煮法效果最佳。

關鍵詞桑葉；提取方法；黃酮；多糖；含量

中圖分類號S789.4文獻標識碼

A文章編號0517-6611（2017）10-0124-02

Different Extraction Methods for Determining the Contents of Flavonoid and Polysaccharide in Mulberry Leaves

JIA Fuhuai，HUANG Beimei*，TU Hongjian et al（Ningbo Yufangtang Biological Technology Co.，Ltd，Ningbo，Zhejiang 315012）

Abstract[Objective] The research aimed to determine the contents of flavonoid and polysaccharide in mulberry leaves by different extraction methods，and discuss the optimum extraction methods.[Method] Polysaccharide and flavonoid in mulberry leaves were extracted by ultrasonic extraction，alkaline extraction and decoction respectively.The contents of polysaccharide and flavonoid in mulberry leaves were determined by spectrophotometer.[Result] The content of flavonoid was the highest by ultrasonic method，1.702%.The content of polysaccharide was the highest by decoction，2.437%.The flavonoid and polysaccharide were the lowest by alkaline extraction in three methods.[Conclusion] Using different extraction methods，the results of determination of flavonoid and polysaccharide in mulberry leaves are quite different.Determination of flavonoid by ultrasonic method is the best and polysaccharide determination by decoction is the best.

Key words Mulberry leaf；Extraction method；Flavonoid；Polysac

桑葉（Mulberry Leaf）別名鐵扇子、家桑、黃桑葉等，為桑科（Moraceae）植物桑（Morus alba L.）的干燥葉。桑屬植物全球約有16種，分布于北溫帶、亞洲熱帶和非洲熱帶及美洲地區。桑葉是蠶的主要食物，我國約有11種，南北各地廣泛種植，以江浙一帶等南方養蠶地區種植較廣[1]。

桑葉藥用價值廣，近年來多位學者對桑葉進行研究，發現桑葉中含有黃酮類、生物堿、植物甾醇等物質，且多糖、氨基酸、維生素等含量豐富[2]。桑葉中多糖作為生物活性物質，具有顯著的降血糖、抑制血脂升高、抗凝血的作用[3-4]，且能增強機體免疫力[5-6]和抗氧化能力[7-8]。黃酮的功效是多方面的，它是一種很強的抗氧劑，可有效清除體內的氧自由基，抗氧化作用可以阻止細胞的退化、衰老，也可阻止癌癥的發生[9]。該研究采用超聲波提取法、堿水提取法和煎煮法3種方法提取桑葉中多糖和黃酮，利用分光光度計法測定桑葉中多糖和黃酮的含量，以確定提取多糖和黃酮的良好制備工藝，為工業生產桑葉多糖和黃酮提供依據，便于桑葉資源的開發利用。……