不同壟體覆蓋方式對烤煙產質量的影響

張卓 劉曉穎 何永秋 范才銀 羅華杰 徐天養 李鵬飛 周冀衡

摘要[目的]探尋不同壟體覆蓋方式對文山地區烤煙產質量的影響。[方法]以烤煙云煙87為材料，在大田條件設計4種不同壟體覆蓋方式，研究對其烤煙生理特性、品質及產量的影響。[結果]與CK相比，煙草生長前期采用地膜覆蓋，團棵期揭膜后覆蓋玉米秸稈的處理方式可以提高上、中部葉總糖和還原糖含量，降低煙堿含量；改善煙葉主要化學成分的協調性，并且揭膜后覆蓋秸稈（T2處理）的烤后煙葉產量、均價、產值和中上等煙比例等的均優于其他處理。[結論]揭膜后覆蓋秸稈為文山烤煙生產中較優的壟體覆蓋方式。

關鍵詞秸稈覆蓋；化學品質；經濟性狀

中圖分類號S572文獻標識碼A文章編號0517-6611（2017）10-0050-03

Effects of Different Ridge Mulching Ways on Yield and Quality of Fluecured Tobacco

ZHANG Zhuo1，2，LIU Xiaoyin1，HE Yongqiu2，ZHOU Jiheng1* et al

（1.Tobacco Research Institute of Hunan Agricultural University，Changsha，Hunan 410128；2.Hengyang Tobacco Company of Hunan， Changning City Branch，Changning，Hunan 421500）

Abstract[Objective]To explore different ridge mulching ways for quality of fluecured tobacco production in Wenshan Area. [Method]By taking fluecured tobacco cultivar Yun87 as test material，four different ridge mulching methods in field， we researched the physiological characteristics， quality and yield of fluecured tobacco. [Result] Compared with the CK， the treatments using plastic film mulching at the early stage of tobacco growth and covering corn straw after filmuncovering at resetting stage could increase the contents of totalsugar and reducingsugar， and reduce the contents of nicotine on the upper and central tobacco leaves. It also showed that the coordination of main chemical composition in tobacco leaves could improve， the fluecured tobaccos yield， average price， production value and the ratio of superior leaves under the treatment of covering corn straw after filmuncovering （T2） were better than the others.[Conclusion]Covering corn straw after filmuncovering （T2） was a better ridge mulching way in Wenshan tobacco production.

Key wordsRidge mulching；Chemical quality；Economic characters

農田覆蓋是一項歷史悠久的作物栽培技術，通過影響太陽光能對地表的直接輻射以及土壤和大氣之間的水、氣、熱交換，直接影響著土壤的水、氣、熱狀況，進而影響著土壤的生物活性、土壤有機質的分解以及土壤中養分物質的轉化與釋放，最終影響著土壤的肥力水平。不同的覆蓋方式能調節土壤溫濕度，改變土壤環境，從而影響煙株的生長及烤后煙葉化學成分[1]。目前在我國農業生產中廣泛應用的覆蓋材料為地膜和秸稈，地膜覆蓋憑借其保持土壤水分，提高地溫，有利于提早移栽的優勢[2-6]和顯著提高煙葉品質的效果[7-9]，應用范圍與面積遠大于秸稈。國內對地膜覆蓋技術的研究也已趨于成熟[10-12]，然而秸稈這一傳統的覆蓋材料呈萎縮趨勢，對二者作用的特點及差異的相關研究比較少?！?br>