有機(jī)抑芽劑對(duì)烤煙抑芽效果的影響

何楷 伍優(yōu) 余傳興 葉征宇 孟源 黃純楊 鄭維毅 李章海

摘要[目的]研究開(kāi)發(fā)環(huán)境友好型煙草抑芽劑。[方法]以打頂不抹杈為陰性對(duì)照，以常規(guī)抑芽劑氟節(jié)胺乳油為陽(yáng)性對(duì)照，對(duì)有機(jī)生物抑芽劑的抑芽效果進(jìn)行對(duì)比研究。[結(jié)果]有機(jī)生物抑芽劑可以顯著拓展煙株頂部第1、2片煙葉的葉面積；第1片葉的增幅最大，達(dá)432.27 cm2，第2片葉增幅為214.87 cm2。有機(jī)生物抑芽劑抑芽效果明顯，且有效性較常規(guī)抑芽劑持續(xù)。在施藥后21 d，有機(jī)生物抑芽劑的抑芽率為72.56%，比常規(guī)抑芽劑高3.39百分點(diǎn)；最終抑芽效果略好于常規(guī)抑芽，為88.33%，比它高0.18百分點(diǎn)。有機(jī)生物抑芽劑可以優(yōu)化烤后煙葉的內(nèi)在化學(xué)成分，提升評(píng)吸質(zhì)量。相較常規(guī)抑芽劑，它可以使烤后煙葉總糖達(dá)到27.81%，增加0.61百分點(diǎn)；還原糖達(dá)24.43%，增加1.30百分點(diǎn)；總氮降至1.85%，減少0.07百分點(diǎn)；煙堿降至2.41%，降低0.34百分點(diǎn)；K提至2.57%，增加0.35百分點(diǎn)；氯含量降至0.27%，減少0.01百分點(diǎn)；與此同時(shí)，它還可以提高烤后煙的香氣質(zhì)、香氣量，降低雜氣及刺激性，增強(qiáng)透發(fā)性、柔細(xì)度、甜度及余味，即使用有機(jī)生物抑芽劑進(jìn)行抑芽可明顯改善烤后煙葉的評(píng)吸質(zhì)量。[結(jié)論]采用菜油、酒精、煙焦油配制而成的有機(jī)生物抑芽劑可為生產(chǎn)開(kāi)發(fā)推廣環(huán)境友好型抑芽劑提供依據(jù)。

關(guān)鍵詞有機(jī)生物；氟節(jié)胺；抑芽劑；烤煙

中圖分類號(hào)S482.8文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼

A文章編號(hào)0517-6611（2017）10-0036-03

Effect of Sprouting Inhibition of Organic Suckercides on Fluecured Tobacco

HE Kai，WU You*，YU Chuanxing et al（Zhengan Branch，Zunyi Company，Guizhou Tobacco Company，Zunyi，Guizhou 563400）

Abstract[Objective]To develop environmentfriendly chemical bud inhibitors . [Method] using a treatment of toping without sucker removing as negative control， a treatment of suckercide （Flumetralin） as positive control， control effects of organic suckercides on fluecured tobacco were conducted. [Result]Compared to negative and positive controls， organic suckercide could significantly expand the tobacco leaf area at the top of the first and second pieces of tobacco. The first leaf area on the top increased by 432.27 cm2 ， and the second one increased by 214.87 cm2.Inhibiting effects of tobacco axillary buds were remarkable which was belong to organic suckercides. It was better than conventional suckercides to last longer. The 21 days after spraying， organic suckercide sprout inhibition rate of 72.56%， was higher 3.39 percentage points than conventional sucker controlling agent ， and the net inhibiting effects of tobacco axillary buds were slightly better in conventional sprout inhibition，88.33%， than the conventional higher 0.18 percentage points.Organic suckercides could optimize tobacco composition and improve smoking quality. Compared to conventional sucker controlling agent， its total sugar reached 27.81%， increased by 0.61 percentage points， reducing sugar reached 24.43%， an increase of 1.30 percentage points， total nitrogen reached 1.85%， reduced by 0.07 percentage points， nicotine reduced to 2.41%， 0.34 percentage points lower， K reached 2.57%， increased by 0.35 percentage points， Cl was 0.27%， 0.01 percent point reduction. By the way， it could improve fluecured tobacco aroma quality and aroma volume，reduce the miscellaneous gas and irritation， enhance the penetration， soft fineness， sweetness and remaining taste. Using organic suckercides for sucker control could improve fluecured tobacco assessment ceiling of quality. [Conclusion]The organic suckercide made from vegetable oil， alcohol and tobacco tar could provide the basis for the production and development of environmentalfriendly bud suppression.

Key wordsOrganisms；Flumetralin；Suckercides；Fluecured tobacco

煙草作為我國(guó)重要的經(jīng)濟(jì)作物[1]，它的發(fā)展關(guān)乎全國(guó)種煙貧困地區(qū)煙農(nóng)的根本利益。煙草開(kāi)花前須打頂，從而煙草失去頂端優(yōu)勢(shì)，以集中營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)供葉片正常生長(zhǎng)，但打頂后，每個(gè)葉腋處會(huì)長(zhǎng)出很多腋芽[2]?！?br>