小麥品種（系）抗旱節(jié)水指標(biāo)及調(diào)控機理研究

張東旭 張俊靈 閆金龍 孫美榮 張樹彬

摘要[目的]研究小麥抗旱節(jié)水指標(biāo)及調(diào)控機理。[方法]對96個不同類型的小麥品種（系）的表型性狀、生理性狀與抗旱指數(shù)、產(chǎn)量-水分高效利用指數(shù)進(jìn)行聚類分析、相關(guān)分析、通徑分析、多元回歸分析，探討小麥抗旱節(jié)水指標(biāo)及調(diào)控機理。[結(jié)果]在極度干旱年份小麥的株高、穗數(shù)和穗粒數(shù)下降嚴(yán)重，產(chǎn)量尚不及水地產(chǎn)量的1/4；相關(guān)分析發(fā)現(xiàn)：干旱條件下小麥的穗數(shù)、飽滿度、穗粒數(shù)、株高和花后21 d的植被指數(shù)與抗旱指數(shù)極顯著相關(guān)，干旱條件下小麥的大部分表型性狀和花后10 d的冠層-空氣溫差與產(chǎn)量-水分高效利用指數(shù)顯著相關(guān)；通徑分析發(fā)現(xiàn)：8個表型性狀對小麥抗旱指數(shù)的直接貢獻(xiàn)大小依次為穗數(shù)（1.335）、最高總莖數(shù)（|-1.014|）、成穗率（|-0.955|）、株高（0.488）、穗粒數(shù)（0.435）、千粒重（0.038）、容重（0.024）、飽滿度（0.017），對小麥產(chǎn)量-水分高效利用指數(shù)的直接貢獻(xiàn)大小依次為穗數(shù)（1.945）、最高總莖數(shù)（|-1.420|）、成穗率（|-1.398|）、穗粒數(shù)（0.481）、株高（0.206）、千粒重（0.204）、容重（0.119）、飽滿度（|-0.049|）；進(jìn)而構(gòu)建了小麥表型性狀對小麥抗旱節(jié)水性的多元回歸方程，得出各種性狀之間抗旱節(jié)水的數(shù)量依存關(guān)系和變動的規(guī)律。[結(jié)論]該研究對小麥抗旱節(jié)水高產(chǎn)育種具有重要的指導(dǎo)作用和應(yīng)用價值。

關(guān)鍵詞小麥；抗旱指數(shù)；產(chǎn)量-水分利用指數(shù)；表型性狀；生理性狀

中圖分類號S512文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼A文章編號0517-6611（2017）10-0029-05

Index of Droughtresistant and WaterSaving and Regulation Principle of Wheat Cultivars（Strains）

ZHANG Dongxu，ZHANG Junling，YAN Jinlong et al

（Millet Research Institute， Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Science， Changzhi， Shanxi 046011）

Abstract[Objective]To study the index of droughtresistant and watersaving and regulation principle. [Method]We used the method of cluster analysis， correlation analysis， path analysis and multiple regression analysis to study 96 different wheat varieties phenotypic traits， physiological traits and index of drought resistance and yieldwater use efficiency index.[Result] The plant height， spike number and grains per spike of wheat were significantly decreased in the years of extreme drought， and the yield was less than 1/4 of the water yield. Correlation analysis showed spike number，seed plumpness，grains per spike，plant height and vegetation index（NDVI） at 21 days after flowering significantly correlated with index of drought resistance，most of the phenotypic shape significantly correlated with canopyair temperature difference at 10 days after flowering and yieldhigh water use efficiency index.Path analysis showed that the direct contribution of 8 phenotypic traits to index of drought resistance of wheat was spike number per acreage（1.335），population culm number（|-1.014|），percentage of earbearing tiller（|-0.955|），plant height（0.488），grains per spike（0.435），1 000grain weight（0.038），unit weight（0.024），seed plumpness（0.017），the direct contribution of 8 phenotypic traits to yieldhigh water use efficiency index was spike number （1.945），population culm number（|-1.420|），percentage of earbearing tiller（|-1.398|），grains per spike（0.481），plant height（0.206），1 000grain weight（0.204），unit weight（0.119）， seed plumpness（|-0.049|）.The multiple regression equation was established， and the law of quantity dependency and change was obtained between various traits.[Conclusion]The research has important guiding role and application value for breeding droughtresistant，watersaving，highyield wheat varieties.

Key wordsWheat；Droughtresistant index；Yieldhigh water use efficiency index；Phenotypic traits；Physiological traits

普通小麥（Triticum aestivum L.）是超過40個國家和35%的世界人口的主糧，其為人類提供的能量和蛋白質(zhì)營養(yǎng)超過總量的20%[1]。小麥?zhǔn)俏覈鴥纱罂诩Z之一，全國有40%的人以面食為主。……