亞龍灣海域海洋生態旅游活動對近岸海洋環境的影響

龐巧珠 邢孔敏 謝海群 孫婆援 陳曉慧 吳瑞

摘 要 于2015年8月對亞龍灣近岸海域進行現場監測，采用單因子指數法、有機體污染指數法、水質富營養化法對亞龍灣近岸海域環境進行評價。結果表明：2015年亞龍灣近岸海洋環境良好，海水水域溶解氧（DO）、化學需氧量（COD）、溶解無機氮（DIN）、溶解無機磷（DIP）及重金屬含量較低，符合第1類海水水質標準；沉積物重金屬、石油類、有機碳、硫化物含量測值存在一定的差異，但變化較小，均在第1類海洋沉積物標準要求范圍內；監測海域單因子評價指數值均小于1，未出現超標現象；有機體污染指數較小，其中有65%的站點有機體污染指數（A值）小于0，35%的站位A值0-1；有機體污染水平評價多為良好；水質營養化水平程度較弱，除了個別站位出現中等營養化水平，絕大部分監測站點屬于貧營養化。對比歷史資料，近年來亞龍灣近岸海域海洋環境各化學要素測值存在差異但變化幅度不大，說明亞龍灣開展旅游活動對海洋生態環境未造成明顯的不利影響。

關鍵詞 亞龍灣 ；海洋環境 ；現狀分析

中圖分類號 P76

Abstact We monitored the coastal waters of the Yalong Bay in August ， 2015. And use the single factor index method， organic pollution index method and the method of water quality eutrophication to research the environment of Yalong Bay coastal waters. The results show that the environment of Yalong Bay is good in 2015. The content of DO， COD， DIN， DIP and heavy metal is low in the seawater of Yalong Bay， it meets the first kind of sea water quality standard. Although the measurement values of sediments of heavy metal， petroleum material， organic carbon and sulfide's content are different， they change very little. And they all meet the first kind of sea water quality standard. The values of single factor evaluation index are less than 1 ， and they are not more than the standard. The organic pollution index is low. The organism pollution factor index of 65% monitoring stations is less than zero in monitoring area. A-value of 35% monitoring stations changes from zero to one. The assessment level of organic pollution is always good.The degree of water quality eutrophication level is weak. Except that individual monitoring stations are at the medium level of eutrophication， the vast majority of monitoring sites are at the very low level of eutrophication. Through comparing with the historical datas， each chemical factor's measured value of marine environment changes little in Yalong bay inshore coastal waters these years.These results attest that the tourism activities in the Yalong Bay don't cause obvious adverse effect to marine ecological environment.

Key words Yalong Bay ； marine environment ； analysis of the situation

亞龍灣位于三亞市東南28 km處，是海南最南端的一個半月形狀的月牙灣，古稱瑯琊灣，覆蓋長度為7.5 km，是海南著名景觀之一，不僅呈現明顯的熱帶海洋性氣候，充分體現了海洋、沙灘、陽光、綠色、新鮮空氣融為一體，且適宜四季游泳和開展各類海上運動。基于地理位置、環境、氣候的特殊性，近年來亞龍灣海域開發的海底世界已成為國際知名的海洋旅游景點，每年吸引眾多的游客來亞龍灣觀賞海底珊瑚景觀，促進了三亞市經濟的發展，增加了就業機會，對海南國際旅游島建設具有重要意義。……