精神病專科醫院醫務人員職業倦怠現況調查

石錦娟 吳強駒 張 超 何長江 王 靜 黃旭華中國.陜西省西安市精神衛生中心 710061 E-mail:2240145885@qq.com

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精神病?？漆t院醫務人員職業倦怠現況調查

石錦娟 吳強駒 張 超 何長江 王 靜 黃旭華
中國.陜西省西安市精神衛生中心 710061 E-mail:2240145885@qq.com

【摘 要】目的:了解精神科醫務人員的職業倦怠水平、分布情況和社會支持對職業倦怠的影響,為防控精神科醫務人員職業倦怠提供參考資料。方法:通過對西安市二級及以上精神病專科醫院347名醫務人員整群抽樣調查,采用工作倦怠問卷和社會支持評定量表測定醫務人員的職業倦怠水平和獲得的社會支持情況。結果:情感衰竭(20.50±7.60)分,人格解體(9.93±4.94)分,成就感降低(24.65±6.04)分。倦怠檢出率:輕度倦怠162人(46.69%),中度倦怠131人(37.75%),重度倦怠42人(12.10%)。男性在人格解體維度得分高于女性(t=-2.99,P ＜0.05);各年齡段間人格解體維度得分差異具有統計學意義(F=3.91,P＜0.01);護士在情感衰竭(F=3.49,P＜0.01)、人格解體維度(F=4.22,P＜0.01)得分與醫生和醫技人員有統計學意義。醫生客觀支持得分與護士、醫技人員差異有統計學意義(F=5.93,P＜0.01),社會支持的3個維度與人格解體呈顯著負相關(r=-0.16～-0.22,P＜0.01),與成就感降低呈顯著正相關(r=0.18～0.22,P＜0.01)。結論:精神科醫務人員職業倦怠顯著,男性和護理人員突出,需要增加社會支持以改善精神科醫務人員的職業倦怠情況。

【關鍵詞】職業倦怠;社會支持;流行病學調查;精神病醫院;醫務人員

Job Burnout on Psychiatric Hospital Medical Staff

Shi Jinjuan,Wu Qiangju,Zhang Chao,et al
Xi'an Mental Health Center,Xi'an 710061,China

【Abstract】 Objective:To investigate the job burnout of psychiatric medical staff,distribution and the influence of social support on job burnout,and provide a reference for prevention and control psychiatric job burnout among medical staff.Methods:Cluster sampling survey on 347 medical staff in Xi'an secondary and above psychiatric hospital through job burnout questionnaire and social support rating scale.Results:Emotional exhaustion scored(20.50±7.60) points,depersonalization scored(9.93±4.94)points,a sense of achievement lower scored(24.65±6.04)points.162 people had mild burnout,,accounting for 46.69%,131(37.75%)moderate burnout,42(12.10%)severe burnout.Depersonalization dimension scores of male was higher than that of female(t=-2.99,P＜0.05);Depersonalization dimension score differences between each age group showed statistical significance(F=3.91,P＜0.01).Emotional exhaustion(F=3.49,P＜0.01),depersonalization dimension(F=4.22,P＜0.01)scores of nurses showed statistically significant with doctors and technicians.Objective support scores of doctors showed statistically significant with nurses and technicians(P＜0.01).The three dimension of social support had negative correlation with depersonalization (r=-0.16～-0.22,P＜0.01)and significantly positive correlation with a sense of achievement reduce(r=0.18～0.22,P＜0.01).Conclusion:Job burnout among psychiatric medical staff is prominent,especially the male and the nursing staff,more social support is necessary to improve psychiatric medical staff job burnout situation.

【Key words】Job burnout;Social support;Epidemiological survey;Psychiatric hospital;Medical staff

職業倦怠(Job burnout)是20世紀70年代提出的概念,是指個體應對工作中長期的壓力源而產生的心理綜合征,這種綜合征含有3個維度:情感耗竭、去個性化和低個人成就感[1-2]?！?br>