向發(fā)云+韓永超+曾祥國+顧玉成+陳豐瀅


摘要:草莓因其經(jīng)濟價值較高、采摘周期較長,近幾年在鄂西山區(qū)種植面積發(fā)展較快,對山區(qū)農民脫貧致富起到了較好的示范效應。對鄂西山區(qū)草莓產業(yè)的種植面積、種植品種與分布、草莓育苗、產業(yè)效益及存在的問題進行了分析,并提出了今后鄂西山區(qū)草莓產業(yè)的發(fā)展方向。
關鍵詞:草莓產業(yè);鄂西山區(qū);發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀
中圖分類號:S668.4 ? ? ? ?文獻標識碼:A ? ? ? ?文章編號:0439-8114(2015)23-5930-03
DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2015.23.034
The Development Situation and Prospect of Strawberry Industry
in Western Hubei Mountain Districts
XIANG Fa-yun, HAN Yong-chao, ZENG Xiang-guo, GU Yu-cheng, CHEN Feng-ying
(Institute of Economic Crop,Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China)
Abstract:As the strawberry possessing high economic value and longer harvesting period, the planting area of strawberry in western Hubei extended rapidly in the recent years, which had played a good demonstration effect for farmers out of poverty to get rich in mountainous area. In this paper, the planting area, planting varieties and distribution, strawberry seedlings, industrial efficiency and existing problems of strawberry industry in western Hubei mountain areas were analyzed, and the development directions of strawberry industry in western Hubei mountain areas were put forward.
Key words: strawberry industry;western Hubei mountain district; development situation
草莓(Fragaria ananassa Duch.)為薔薇科(Rosaceae)草莓屬(Fragaria)多年生宿根性草本植物,經(jīng)濟價值較高,適于多種生產模式,能在許多氣候帶種植。草莓果實外觀呈圓錐形,色澤艷麗,酸甜多汁、芳香宜人[1,2]。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)草莓的蘋果酸、檸檬酸、維生素B1、維生素B12、胡蘿卜素、鈣、磷、鐵的含量比蘋果、梨、葡萄高3~4倍,素有“水果皇后”、“冬春第一果”之美稱。草莓持續(xù)結果能力強,效益高,近幾年中國草莓種植面積進入穩(wěn)步發(fā)展階段[3-5],湖北省草莓產業(yè)發(fā)展還有較大的潛力。發(fā)展經(jīng)濟效益較好、產業(yè)帶動力較強的草莓產業(yè),對鄂西山區(qū)農村貧困人口脫貧致富具有重要意義。
1 ?中國及湖北省草莓產業(yè)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀
1.1 ?中國草莓產業(yè)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀
草莓有溫室栽培、塑料大棚栽培和露地栽培,種植面積大約分別占總種植面積的30%、50%和20%。據(jù)中國園藝學會草莓分會統(tǒng)計,2012年中國草莓栽培面積約為11.3萬hm2,總產量約200萬t,面積和產量均居世界第一[6,7]。但中國草莓單產水平較低,品種選育和栽培技術整體落后于歐美及日本[8,9]。中國草莓前6大主產省份依次為遼寧、山東、江蘇、河北、安徽、湖北[10,11]。……