湖南省衡陽市第一中學 宋桂林
高考的單選題側重考查語言運用和應變能力,每道題都設計成了微型語境,考生應仔細揣摩語境,才能正確選擇得體的語言形式。例如:
_______ ourselves from the physical and mental tensions,we each need deep thought and inner quietness. (2014 湖南,35)
A. Having freed B. Freed
C. To free D. Freeing
【解析】考查非謂語動詞。此題,我們應抓住題中關鍵詞we 和選項中free, 初看題意認為我們是被解脫出來而誤選B;細看題干語境所填詞應表目的,做目的狀語,應用動詞不定式,故選C。
所謂意群,就是在句子中根據句法結構和邏輯關系必須停頓的若干部分。命題者通過調整句型、分離固定結構、添加插入語、祈使句帶主語、相似結構混在一起,從而增加理解上的難度。例如:
Do you know any of her friends, with fair hair and blue eyes, she has made there _______ her a lot in her daily life?
A. help B. helped
C. to help D. helping
【解析】將意群劃分為:Do you know / any of her friends / with fair hair and blue eyes / she has made there / _____ her a lot in her daily life. 不難看出with fair hair and blue eyes 和she has made there 應是her friends 的后置定語,而后一部分我們可以翻譯成“在她的日常生活中幫助她很多的”,也是作為定語來修飾friends 的,所以答案為D。
在題干中添加一些枝節成分,使句子結構復雜化,是增加試題難度的手段之一。對于含復雜結構的長句或復合句時,應去掉句子的冗余部分,化簡句子,使題干簡潔明了,降低判斷的難度。例如:
He has made another discovery, _______ of importance to science.
A. which I think it is B. which I think is
C. I think that is D. of which I think is
【解析】該題若將插入語I think 去掉,則題意更為明確,which 引導的是非限制性定于從句,且關系代詞which 在從句中作主語,故選B。
在特殊疑問句、定語從句、名詞性從句中的疑問代詞(副詞),關系代詞(副詞),非謂語動詞或賓補等考題中,由于句型結構的要求脫離了原位置,而使得理解難度增大,可以用代入或還原法,使答案加以驗證。例如:
The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ______ the next year.
A. carry out B. carrying out
C. carried out D. to carry out
【解析】答案為C。單取定語從句,將關系代詞還原為先行詞the plan, 代入從句‘They would like to see the plan _______ the next year.’, 很快便知為see sth done.
為了增強題目靈活性,命題者有時省略了句子的某一個成分,從而增加試題的難度。此時,我們首先應明確省略的成分,將句子補全,看清其廬山真面目。例如:
His lecture _______, a lively question-and-answer session followed. (2014 江蘇,29)
A. being given B. having given
C. to be given D. having been given
【解析】考查非謂語動詞,a lively question-andanswer session followed 是一個完整的句子,本題的兩部分之間缺少連詞,所以逗號前面的不能是句子,只能是一個獨立主格結構。名詞his lecture 與動詞give之間構成被動關系,所以使用過去分詞表示被動,排除B 項。本句的獨立主格結構His lecture having been given, 補全句子相當于After his lecture had been given。故D 正確。
有一些題干運用了我們不是很熟悉的結構,使得試題分析理解的難度加大,且容易被干擾。但如果我們將題干的句型予以轉換,答案就會顯而易見。例如:
It’s not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do _______ makes life happy. (2014湖南,33)
A. that B. which
C. what D. who
【解析】考查強調句型。被強調部分是not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do,指動作(物),故用that,選A。
張小倩.瑞典中學英語全國統一考試考卷介紹[J].中學生英語教學與研究, 2008.