譚珂等



摘 要 采用葉盤法對普通大薊馬的產(chǎn)卵選擇性進行研究。二元選擇性實驗結(jié)果表明,該蟲產(chǎn)卵時對豇豆嫩葉正面和反面的選擇性沒有差異,但喜歡在菜豆和花生嫩葉的正面產(chǎn)卵。以豇豆嫩葉反面、菜豆嫩葉正面和花生嫩葉正面供普通大薊馬產(chǎn)卵時,產(chǎn)卵選擇性順序為豇豆>菜豆=花生,近85%的卵產(chǎn)在豇豆嫩葉上。寄主植物葉表茸毛密度對普通大薊馬的產(chǎn)卵選擇性有一定的影響。
關(guān)鍵詞 普通大薊馬;產(chǎn)卵選擇性;豇豆;菜豆;花生;茸毛密度
中圖分類號 S433 文獻標(biāo)識碼 A
Abstract Oviposition preferences for three legume species by bean flower thrips, Megalurothrips usitatus (Bagnall), were conducted with leaf discs in the laboratory. In dual-choice tests, the females showed no preference for laying their eggs on either adaxial surfaces or abaxial surfaces of young leaves of cowpea, Vigna unguiculata. Adaxial surfaces of young leaves, however, were preferred for oviposition by the thrips on common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, and groundnut, Arachis hypogaea. When abaxial surfaces of young cowpea leaves and adaxial surfaces of young leaves of both common bean and groundnut were exposed to the females, they expressed clear oviposition preferences for particular legume species in the order cowpea leaves>common bean leaves=groundnut leaves, ovipositing approximately 85% of their eggs on young cowpea leaves. The density of trichomes on leaf surface of host plants had some impact on oviposition preference of the bean flower thrips.
Key words Megalurothrips usitatus; Oviposition preference; Vigna unguiculata; Phaseolus vulgaris; Arachis hypogaea; Trichome density
doi 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2015.03.024
薊馬是海南省豇豆[Vigna unguiculata(L.) Walp.]上的主要害蟲[1-2],其中以普通大薊馬[Megalurothrips usitatus(Bagnall)]為優(yōu)勢種[3]。普通大薊馬又稱豆花薊馬,在豇豆的整個生育期都可見該蟲的發(fā)生,其若蟲和成蟲為害嫩芽、花朵和嫩莢,使生長停滯、葉片萎縮與畸形、落花落莢等,嚴(yán)重影響豇豆的產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)。
普通大薊馬為害9科28種植物,成蟲喜歡在花上活動,但卵主要產(chǎn)于葉片內(nèi)[4-5]。在中國臺灣,有人曾發(fā)現(xiàn)普通大薊馬成蟲對豆類植物的選擇性存在差異,最喜歡的是赤豆[Vigna angularis(Willd.) Ohwi et Ohashi],其次是花生(Arachis hypogaea L.)和大豆[Glycine max(L.) Merr.][6]。目前,尚不清楚該蟲對豇豆的偏好程度。本研究對普通大薊馬的產(chǎn)卵選擇性進行了初步研究,旨在比較豇豆、菜豆(Phaseolus vulgaris L.)和花生等3種豆類作物對其產(chǎn)卵選擇性的影響,其研究結(jié)果將有助于了解該蟲在海南豇豆上大發(fā)生的原因。
1 材料與方法
1 材料
1.1.1 供試蟲源 普通大薊馬采自海南大學(xué)實驗基地,以鮮菜豆豆莢飼養(yǎng),飼養(yǎng)條件為(26±1)℃,Rh (60±5)%,光照L/D=14 h/10 h。挑選大小相似的蛹,每只試管放置1頭蛹。選用……