唐良德等

摘 要 室內采用葉管藥膜法測定12種殺蟲劑對豆大薊馬(Megalurothrips usitatus)成蟲和若蟲的毒力。結果表明,供試藥劑中除殺蟲環和擬除蟲菊酯類殺蟲劑對豆大薊馬各蟲態的毒力較低外,其他藥劑均對豆大薊馬具有較高的毒力。毒力測定分析結果表明,供試藥劑對豆大薊馬若蟲的毒力不同程度上均大于成蟲,且對成蟲的毒力又以對雄成蟲的毒力大于雌成蟲。綜合來看,乙基多殺菌素、甲維鹽、噻蟲胺、啶蟲脒、阿維菌素和噻蟲啉等藥劑對豆大薊馬毒力較大,可推薦作為田間防治藥劑。
關鍵詞 豆大薊馬;殺蟲劑;生物測定;毒力
中圖分類號 S433 文獻標識碼 A
Abstract The toxicity of 12 insecticides to against the nymph and adult of Megalurothrips usitatus by using a modified TIBS(thrips insecticide bioassay system)method in the laboratory conditions. The results showed that the toxicity of thiocyclam and pyrethroid insecticides was low, whereas the other insecticides tested in this study were high. However, the toxicity of insecticides to nymphs was higher than adults. Comprehensive analysis of the toxicity of different insecticides to the nymph and adult of M. usitatus, spinetoram, emamectin benzoate, clothianidn, acetamiprid, abamectin and thiacloprid were proposed to use in the field for control this thrips pest.
Key words Megalurothrips usitatus; Insecticide; Bioassay; Toxicity
doi 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2015.03.021
豆大薊馬[Megalurothrips usitatus(Bagnall)(Thysanoptera: Thripidae)]屬于纓翅目,鋸尾亞目,薊馬科,又名普通大薊馬[1],豆花薊馬[2],是豆科植物上的重要害蟲[3-4]。在臺灣,豆大薊馬曾是紅豆、大豆、花生等作物的重要害蟲[5-7],近年來對海南豇豆造成了嚴重的為害,嚴重影響了海南豇豆的生產和質量安全[8-9]。該害蟲具有蟲體小、隱匿性強、發生數量大、年發生世代多和易產生抗藥性等特性。另外,豆大薊馬有在土壤中化蛹的習性,不同土壤類型及含水量對其化蛹有顯著影響[10]。豆大薊馬銼吸和產卵均可對寄主植物造成損傷,在海南,豆大薊馬可對豇豆的全生育期進行為害[11],但主要集中在花器內和果莢上,造成豇豆果莢黑頭和黑尾現象[9],嚴重時還可為害花芽,造成花芽黑化,無法抽蕾,嚴重降低了豇豆的外觀品質和商品價值。
在豆大薊馬的防治方面,麥昌青等[11]通過為害調查對豆大薊馬的發生動態進行了預測預報,并提出了豇豆不同生育期豆大薊馬的防治方法與防治適期。……