秈稻紫葉種質(zhì)hrd1的鑒定及雜種優(yōu)勢分析

陳仕軍等

摘 要 秈稻紫葉材料hrd1來源于特秈占13與02428雜交后代。農(nóng)藝性狀考察表明，秈稻紫葉種質(zhì)hrd1紫色性狀表現(xiàn)穩(wěn)定、葉綠素含量正常，其株高較矮、分蘗中強(qiáng)、柱頭雙外露率極高，農(nóng)藝性狀較優(yōu)良。以hrd1為母本與11個水稻品種配制雜交組合，對雜種F1及親本的主要農(nóng)藝性狀進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計分析，結(jié)果表明：hrd1與11個品種雜交F1在主要農(nóng)藝、經(jīng)濟(jì)性狀上都表現(xiàn)了較強(qiáng)的雜種優(yōu)勢，特別是單株穗重雜種優(yōu)勢表現(xiàn)突出。該種質(zhì)在標(biāo)記性狀轉(zhuǎn)育和雜種優(yōu)勢利用中具有一定價值。

關(guān)鍵詞 秈稻；紫葉種質(zhì)hrd1；雜種優(yōu)勢分析

中圖分類號 S511.21 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼 A

Abstract hrd1， the object of this study， is a rice germplasm with purple leaf which originated from the hybrids of two green leaf accessions Texianzhan 13 and 02428. We achieved characterization of major phenotypic features for hrd1 through field and laboratory investigation， The hrd1 shows short to moderate stature， medium to high tillering numbers and extremely high double-stigma exsertion rate； Meanwhile， its purple phenotype is very stable while the chlorophyllcontent is normal. By made hrd1 crossing to eleven rice lines， mean heterosis of major agronomic characters were studied via determining performances of these F1 hybrids along with the crossing parents. All the eleven hrd1 derivative F1 hybrids displayed green appearances， and performed good heterosis in major agronomic and economic characters， especially the outstanding performance of the panicle weight per plant trait. The novel germplasm hrd1 shows definitive value in converting the purple leaf character into phenotypic marker and heterosis utilization.

Key words Indica rice； Purple germplasm hrd1； Hybrid heterosis

doi 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2015.03.014

水稻是中國重要的糧食作物，其中兩系雜交水稻年種植面積約占水稻總播種面積的1/4，在糧食生產(chǎn)中具有重要地位[1]。水稻兩系不育系因本身種性或天氣影響等原因，種子常有3%～5%的自交混雜[2]。如何快速有效地鑒別假雜種是兩系雜種優(yōu)勢利用的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)之一。紫葉是一種特殊的葉色標(biāo)記性狀，性狀表達(dá)較為穩(wěn)定，一般在整個生育期都易于識別，這種標(biāo)記性狀可用于解決制種繁種中的除雜問題。因此，發(fā)掘和鑒定具有利用價值的紫色性狀水稻種質(zhì)具有重要的理論和實踐意義。紫色水稻作為水稻重要的種質(zhì)資源，已對其分類、表型進(jìn)行了較系統(tǒng)的研究。Reddy等[3]認(rèn)為紫色性狀是由于花色素苷在不同部位的大量累積而導(dǎo)致。閔紹楷等[4]認(rèn)為根據(jù)紫色呈現(xiàn)的部位，可將紫色水稻分為眾多不同類型。彭長連等[5]研究表明，紫葉稻最大光合放氧能力和葉綠素含量比綠葉稻均有所提高；……