曾日秋等



摘 要 對10份黃秋葵資源進行18個植物學形態特征、14個植物學特性指標及生態適應性進行評價,結果表明:①18個植物學形態特征指標多樣性豐富,聚類分析可將資源分為2個形態類型;②14個植物學特性指標變異分析表明,果數變異系數最大,變異系數高達61.32%,營養器官變異系數大小順序為分枝數>葉片寬度>葉柄長>葉片長度,生殖器官變異系數大小順序為果數>果長>單果重;③14個植物學特性指標相關性分析結果表明,提高蒴果產量可選擇生育期較長、分枝數較多、葉柄長的資源;④生態適應性評價表明,供試材料均適宜在閩南地區種植,其中平均單株蒴果產量以FJQK-24和FJQK-7較高,分別為1 387.2和1 113.0 g,達極顯著或顯著差異水平,FJQK-29資源果數最多,且在閩南地區可宿根生長,是選育種較好的親本材料。
關鍵詞 黃秋葵;資源;適應性;評價
中圖分類號 S649 文獻標識碼 A
Abstract 18 morphological characteristics, 14 botanical characteristics and ecological adaptability were evaluated in 10 okra resources. The results showed that:①Based on 18 morphological characteristics, 10 okra resources were clustered into 2 morphological types. ②In 14 botanical characteristic variations, the maximum variation coefficient was fruit number as high as 61.32%, the order of vegetative organ variation coefficient was branch number>leaf breadth>petiole>leaf length, and the order of reproductive organ variation coefficient was fruit number>fruit length>fruit weight. ③There was an obvious correlation between 14 botanical characteristics index, improve capsule yield can choose a longer growing period, more branches, petioles long varieties. ④All of the tested materials are suitable for planting in south Fujian, where the average capsule yield per plant of FJQK-24 and FJQK-7 are higher, 1387.2 g and 1113.0 g respectively, and with other resources reached extremely significant or significant level by variance analysis. The fruit number of FJQK-29 resource is especially large, and it can be grew as perennial in south Fujian, so it can be used breeding as good parent materials.
Key words Abelmoschus esculentus;Resources;Adaptability;Evaluation
doi 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2015.03.013
黃秋葵(Abelmoschus esculentus)又叫咖啡黃葵、秋葵、羊角豆,為錦葵科秋葵屬一年或多年生草本植物,短日照植物,原產于非洲,是非洲、美洲及東南亞人民喜食的蔬菜之一。黃秋葵全身都是寶,主要用途可做纖維用、菜用和飼料用[1-2]。作蔬菜用的主要是食用其嫩果,其肉質柔嫩、營養豐富,黏質潤滑,具有特殊的風味,干的嫩黃秋葵果實含有蛋白質22.98%,總糖19.92%,多糖2.00%,脂肪9.40和2.56%黃酮[3-4],而且Alwandawih[5]、Lawford B[6]、呂美云[7]等人對黃秋葵營養成分進行研究,也認為黃秋葵果肉含有豐富的蛋白質、游離氨基酸、維生素、礦物質微量元素及多糖等生物活性物質,王君耀、李建華[9]等人對黃秋葵有抗疲勞功能進行研究,詹忠根[10]對其種子的主要營養成分進行測定,認為種子含有豐富的賴氨酸和微量元素Zn、Mn等等,為其具有提高免疫力和減少肺損傷的藥用價值提供了理論依據。所以歐美等國將其列入……