不同親本細胞質源對甘蔗雜交后代主要性狀的影響

羅霆等

摘 要 利用4個不同細胞質源的甘蔗親本配成正反交組合，在對雜種后代進行SSR-PCR真偽鑒別的基礎上，對不同組合后代的不同性狀進行t檢驗和差異性比較。結果表明：這7對正反交組合后代的株高、莖徑和有效莖數均差異不顯著，僅有一對父母本細胞質源相同的正反交組合后代葉綠素含量差異較大；當以細胞質源為Bandjarmasim Hitam的不同親本作母本時，子代黑穗病發病率較低，為18.8%和18.9%；當以細胞質源為Badila的崖城58-47作母本時，子代黑穗病發病率較高，為28.8%和28.4%。以細胞質源為Black Cheribon的不同親本作母本時，其后代真雜種率在91.7%～98.8%之間，而以細胞質源為Bandjarmasim Hitam和Kaludia Boothan作母本時，得到真雜種率低于70%的后代群體。說明雖然甘蔗主要農藝性狀的細胞核遺傳占主導地位，但是不同細胞質源仍在花粉育性和抗病性等方面發揮作用。本文研究了不同細胞質源的甘蔗親本與甘蔗主要性狀遺傳表現的相關性，為甘蔗育種利用優異細胞質源以及進一步從分子水平上研究和發掘甘蔗優異細胞質基因奠定基礎。

關鍵詞 甘蔗；細胞質源；正反交；黑穗病；農藝性狀

中圖分類號 S566.1 文獻標識碼 A

Abstract Sugarcane varieties with four different cytoplasmic sources were used to combine reciprocal crosses. The characters of various hybrid progenies were analyzed by t test and variance analysis after distinguishing true and false of the hybrid progenies with SSR-PCR. The results showed that， there were not significant difference in height， diameter and number of productive tiller among the 7 pairs of progenies of pros and cons combinations， but the concentration of chlorophyll had a significant difference in only one hybrid progenies from that the cytoplasmic sources of parents was the same. As the female parent containing Bandjarmasim Hitam cytoplasmic source was used to cross， the incidence of smut in offsprings were lower with 18.8% and 18.9% respectively， but when the female parent was YC58-47，containing Badila cytoplasmic source， the incidence of smut in offsprings were highter with 28.8% and 28.4% respectively. The true rate of hybrid progeny with 91.7-98.8% as using the female parent containing Black Cheribon cytoplasm source compared that with less than 70% as the female parent containing Bandjarmasim Hitam and Kaludia Boothan cytoplasmic source. The results suggested that although nuclear genetic was the dominant in the major agronomic traits of sugarcane plant， but cytoplasmic source also play a role in pollen fertility and disease resistance， et al.In this study， the relationship between the parents with different cytoplasmic sources and genetic performance of major agronomic traits in sugarcane was discussed， the result should be provide scientific basic for use of sugarcane breeding with excellent source of cytoplasm， and further researching and exploring of excellent cytoplasm gene on molecular level.

Key words Sugarcane； Cytoplasmic source； Reciprocal crosses； Smut； Agronomic characters

doi 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2015.03.012

現代甘蔗育種的親本多為熱帶種原種和少數割手密的后代，少部分含有大莖野生種、中國種或印度種血緣，并且經過甘蔗育種工作者長期的選擇，使現有基因庫的絕大多數有益基因通過不斷的重組聚集到現有甘蔗品種中，育種基因庫的遺傳總變異縮小，遺傳背景狹窄。在近百年的甘蔗育種實踐中……