杜錕等



摘 要 為探究南方人工林生態系統土壤酶活性對硫、氮復合沉降的響應機制,本研究采用二元二次正交回歸旋轉設計方法,設置16個硫、氮復合沉降處理組和1個空白對照組,研究1 a硫、氮復合沉降下鄧恩桉人工幼齡林土壤上層(0~20 cm)和下層(20~40 cm)的酸性磷酸酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶和過氧化氫酶活性與硫、氮復合沉降之間關系,并建立回歸模型。對17組數據進行單因素方差分析(one-way ANOVA),結果顯示除上、下層過氧化氫酶活性組間差異均不顯著外(p>0.05),酸性磷酸酶、脲酶和蔗糖酶活性組間均存在差異顯著的土壤分層(p<0.05)。利用土壤分層中差異顯著的酸性磷酸酶、脲酶和蔗糖酶活性進行分析、建模,結果表明:酸性磷酸酶僅對氮沉降的獨立效應響應顯著,與空白對照組相比,氮沉降抑制酸性磷酸酶活性;脲酶僅對硫沉降和氮沉降的獨立效應響應顯著,且脲酶活性在硫、氮沉降下降低,以氮沉降抑制作用最強;蔗糖酶對硫、氮沉降的獨立效應和交互作用均響應顯著,表現出硫、氮沉降抑制蔗糖酶活性的特征。研究表明,1 a硫、氮沉降抑制鄧恩桉人工幼齡林紅壤表層(0~40 cm)的土壤酶活性,引起土壤肥力降低。
關鍵詞 硫、氮復合沉降;鄧恩桉人工林;二次回歸旋轉設計;土壤酶
中圖分類號 Q143.4;S154.1 文獻標識碼 A
Abstract In order to explore response mechanism of enzymes activity to sulfur and nitrogen complex depositions in Southern plantation ecosystems, this study used quadratic rotating orthogonal regression designs method and set 16 sulfur, nitrogen complex depositions treatments groups and a control group to explore the relations between soil acid phosphatase, urease, invertase and catalase activity and sulfur, nitrogen depositions in the upper soil stratification(0-20 cm)and lower soil stratification(20-40 cm)of a young Eucalyptus dunnii plantation, and the regression models were established. Using 17 sets of data to make one-way ANOVA, the results showed except the catalase activity differences between groups in upper soil stratification and lower soil stratification were all not significant(p>0.05), acid phosphatase, urease and invertase activity all existed one significant differences stratification between groups in soil(p>0.05). Using acid phosphatase, urease and invertase whose differences were significant in soil stratification to make regression analysis, the results showed acid phosphatase only responded to nitrogen deposition independent effect significantly, compared with the control group, the nitrogen deposition inhibited acid phosphatase activity; urease only responded to sulfur, nitrogen deposition independent effect significantly, and urease activity decreased under sulfur, nitrogen depositions, and independent effect of nitrogen deposition was stronger; invertase activity responded to sulfur, nitrogen deposition independent effects and interactions all significantly, showing sulfur, nitrogen depositions inhibited invertase activity. This study showed 1a sulfur, nitrogen depositions decreased soil enzymes activity in red soil stratification(0-40 cm)in young Eucalyptus dunnii plantation and caused soil fertility to reduce.
Key words Nitrogen and sulfur depositions;Eucalyptus dunnii plantation;Quadratic rotating orthogonal regression design;Soil enzymes
doi 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2015.03.010
酸沉降是指pH<5.6的大氣酸性物質通過降雨、對流和重力作用等降落到地面的過程[1]。酸沉降主要由硫沉降和氮沉降組成。硫沉降以硫氧化物和硫酸鹽形式為主,氮沉降主要為銨根化合物和氮氧化物形態[2]。前人研究表明,持續增高的硫、氮沉降對森林生態系統尤其是土壤系統造成深刻影響[3]。為應對酸沉降過量產生的影響,美國和歐洲地區率先施行了酸沉降治理,并有效降低硫沉降,但對氮沉降的影響甚小[4-5]。酸沉降過量已成為一個全球性的問題,我國作為世界第三大氮沉降集中區[3,6],大氣氮沉降的增加已造成國內部分工業高速發展區域水域生態系統氮富集和陸地生態系統氮飽和問題,并引起科學家和公眾的廣泛關注[7],成為當前的研究熱點之一。
土壤酶作為土壤中一種具有生物催化能力的高分子蛋白活性物質[8],在森林生態系統物質循環和能量流動過程中發揮重要作用。由于活性與土壤類型、理化性質等密切相關,土壤酶是評價土壤質量及土壤肥力的重要指標之一[9]。因此,研究酸沉降對土壤酶的影響具有重要意義。目前,國內開展了大量的土壤酶對氮沉降響應的研究[10-12],土壤酶對單一硫沉降的報道相對較少,而關于土壤酶對氮、硫復合沉降響應的報道更為少見。由此可見,國內不同酸沉降條件下土壤酶活性的響應特征研究尚存不足。
鄧恩桉是福建省主要引進桉樹種之一,可耐低溫[13],立地條件較好時生長較快,經濟價值較高。目前,國內對鄧恩桉研究主要集中在引種[13]、林下土壤空間異質性[14]、凋落物[15]等方面,關于鄧恩桉人工林土壤酶對酸沉降尤其是硫、氮復合沉降的相關報道較少。本文選……