花生屬種間雜種及其早期多倍體世代生理特性變化研究

摘 要 為了研究花生屬異源多倍體進化過程中的生理特性遺傳變化規律，以花生區組栽野種間雜種F1、早期多倍體世代（S0～S3）及其親本為材料，分析植株葉片中的脯氨酸、丙二醛、可溶性糖和葉綠素含量以及過氧化物酶活性等抗病抗逆相關生理生化指標的變化特征。結果表明，雜種F1代各項生理指標都高于親本，表現出明顯的雜種優勢；染色體加倍后的S0～S1代植株葉片中的POD活性、脯氨酸含量和葉綠素含量均高于F1代，S1～S3代各項生理指標伴隨著自交代數的增加而逐漸降低，但仍高于母本栽培種，說明染色體加倍后的多倍體植株可能具有更強的抗病、抗旱等抗逆和環境適應能力。

關鍵詞 花生；種間雜交；異源多倍化；生理特性

中圖分類號 S565.2 文獻標識碼 A

Abstract To study the mechanisms of genetic variation on physiological property of Arachis allopolyploidization， the variation characteristics of physiological and biochemical indexes related to disease/stress resistance（POD activity， Proline， MDA， soluble sugar and chlorophyll content）was studied using the progenitors， F1 hybrid and early polyploidy generations（S0 to S3）of the hybridization between tetraploid cultivated peanut and diploid wild peanut A. doigoi as materials. The results indicated that：（1）All the five physiological property indexes of F1 hybrid were higher than their progenitors， which showed obviously heterosis；（2）After chromosome doubling， POD activity， Proline and chlorophyll content of S0～S1 were higher than F1 hybrid；（3）All the five physiological property indexes of S1～S3 declined along with the self-cross course but higher than their progenitors， which indicated that allopolyploidy had better environment suitability and resistance capability to disease resistance and drought tolerance. This study provided useful important information for revealing the mechanism of peanut allopolyploidy evolution. Additional， it had vital significance to guide the peanut interspecific hybridization breeding.

Key words Peanut； Interspecific hybridization； Allopolyploidization； Physiological property

doi 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2015.03.008

多倍化是高等植物基因組的顯著特征之一，多倍體植物中以異源多倍體居多，種間雜交和染色體加倍是形成異源多倍體的主要途徑，通過此途徑形成的異源多倍體兼具雜種和多倍體雙重優勢且克服了遠緣雜種不育的障礙，因而被作物遺傳育種學家廣泛應用于作物品種改良中[1]。異源多倍化不是兩個基因組的簡單融合，而是涉及到大范圍的分子調整和變化[2-6]，從而引起一系列的形態、生理及代謝過程的變化，如黃瓜單位面積的葉綠素a、b及其總含量、MDH的表達量均隨著倍性增加而增加[7]；四倍體何首烏的SOD、POD和APX活性均明顯高于二倍體[8]；三倍體、四倍體西瓜番茄紅素的含量明顯高于二倍體[9]；四倍體玉米籽粒內類胡蘿卜素含量比二倍體增加43%[10]。……