強調句型及其考查形式

劉晴

摘 要： 本文分析了學生學習強調句型的一些困惑， 結合近年來的高考和模擬題，探討了強調句型的用法，主要從強調的結構、強調句和定語從句結合、強調句和名詞性從句結合，強調句和狀語從句的區別，強調句的省略等方面，對強調句型的重要考點作了分析和總結。

關鍵詞： 強調句型結構 強調句型考查形式 高考題

強調句型是語法學習的重點和難點之一，也是高考英語試題中的重要考查內容。強調句型的考查形式靈活多變，有時和定語從句、名詞性從句、狀語從句結合在一起，學生會覺得結構很難。為此，筆者就強調句型的考查形式作了歸納。

一、強調句型的基本結構及判斷依據

1.強調句型的結構

2.強調句型的判斷依據

判斷一個句子是否是強調句型，只需把It is/was...that...去掉，如果剩下的成分仍然能組成一個完整的句子，就是強調句型，否則就不是。

【高考鏈接】

（1）It was 80 years before Columbus crossed the Atlantic ？搖 ？搖 Zheng He had sailed to East Africa.（2012重慶）

A.when B. that C.after D. since

（2）—Was it by cutting down staff？搖 ？搖 she saved the firm？

—No， it was by improving work efficiency.（2012上海）

A.when B. what C.how D.that

[解析]第1題選B。去掉it was that還原的句子是Zheng He had sailed to East Africa 80 years before Columbus crossed the Atlantic，完全成立，是強調句型。第2題選D，句子還原成She saved the firm by cutting down staff，是對方式狀語強調。

（3）—？搖 ？搖 that he managed to get the information？

—Oh，a friend of his helped him.（2005山東卷）

A. What was it B.What was it C. How was it D. Why was it

[解析]第3題選C，根據回答，說明是對方式的強調，還原句子是How did he manage to get the information？

二、考查It is/was not until...that...句型

not...until表示“直到……才”，如果對這個時間狀語進行強調，則可構成強調句型It is/was not until...that...，表示直到……才，可以用以下句型：

【例題鏈接】

It was not until near the end of the letter？搖 ？搖 she mentioned her own plan.（2013天津）

A.that B.where C. why D.when

[解析]選A，直接考查not until的強調句型。

三、強調句型和定語從句（或者分詞）的混合

有時一個句子中既包含強調句型，又在被強調的詞后加一個分詞短語或者定語從句修飾限制，這就加大了學生分析句子結構的難度，學生應從整體上把握句子結構。

【例題鏈接】在橫線處填入恰當的詞：

（1）It was from only a few supplies ？搖 ？搖she had bought in the village ？搖 ？搖 the hostess cooked such a nice dinner.（2010安徽卷改編）

[解析]本題整體上是強調句型，第2個空填that，強調句，還原句子是The hostess cooked such a nice dinner from only a few supplies。第1空是在被強調詞supplies后加定語從句修飾，先行詞帶入定語從句，She had bought a few supplies in the village作定語從句的賓語，所以填that/which/省略。

（2）It is exactly the way ？搖 ？搖we speak ？搖 ？搖 makes our teacher angry. We should be more polite next time. （成都2009屆診斷性檢測）

[解析] 本題整體上是強調句型。第2個空填that，強調句型。第1空填that/in which/省略，是被強調的詞the way的定語從句，先行詞帶入定語從句中作方式狀語，We speak in this way。

四、強調句型和名詞性從句的結合

在復雜的強調句型結構中，有時會將名詞性從句和強調句型結合。一種是整個強調句型用作名詞性從句，尤以作動詞后的賓語從句居多。另外一種是強調句型中含有名詞性從句。

特別是當強調句型對疑問詞強調且用作名詞性從句，如動詞后的賓語從句的時候，要注意把原來的疑問語序改為陳述語序。

（1）Most of us still wonder ？搖 ？搖 it is ？搖 ？搖 makes those honest peasant workers， without being paid at all， resign themselves to the bosses.（2012蘇北四市零模）endprint

A. what； that B./；what C.that； what D./；that

[解析]答案A。強調句型對疑問詞what強調，去掉it is that句子是what makes those workers...？整個強調句作wonder的賓語，所以要注意用陳述語序。

（2）It was at the very beginning ？搖 ？搖Mr. Fox made the decision ？搖 ？搖 we should send more firefighters there.

A. when； which B. where； what C. then； so D. that； that

[解析]答案D。 第一個that為強調句型中的that；第二個that引導同位語從句，說明the decision的內容。

五、強調句型與狀語從句的區別

1.強調句和when時間狀語從句的區別

（1）It was April 29， 2011？搖 ？搖Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony. （2011福建卷）

（2）It was on April 29， 2011？搖 ？搖Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.

A. that B. when C. since D. before

[解析] 第1題答案是B，是時間狀語從句。主句是It was April 29， 2011，it表示時間，意為當……時，時間是4月29號。第2題答案是A，是強調句。

2.強調句和since， before狀語從句的區別

It is/has been two years since I did sth...自從……以來有多久了。It will （not） be a long time before sb do/does sth 將要過很久后才……/不久后就……It was two years before sb did sth 過了兩年才……

例（3）It was two years ago that he joined the Army.強調句

（4）It is /has been two years since I graduated.時間狀語從句

（5）It was two days before he headed for Shanghai.時間狀語從句

（6）It was two days later that he headed for Shanghai.強調句

六、強調句型中主謂一致的考查

強調句型對句子的主語強調，且主語是由rather than，not ...but...等連接的平行對比結構，此時要注意主謂一致。

It is not A but B that （that后的動詞與B保持一致）It is A not B that...（that后的動詞與A保持一致）It is A rather than B that...（that后的動詞與A保持一致）

【例題】

Its you， I think， rather than your wife who are to blame for your sons bad behavior.

七、強調句型中反義疑問句的考查

It is/was...that的反義疑問句用isnt it或wasnt it。

八、強調句型中的be動詞和情態動詞的結合

It may be+ 被強調部分+ that...It must have been+被強調部分+ that... Would/ Could it be +被強調部分+that...？

【例題】

It might have been John ？搖 ？搖bought a new book for Mary yesterday.

A. what B. since C. that D. then

[解析]答案為C，強調句型。

九、強調句型的省略

【例題】

—Who is making so much noise in the garden？

—？搖 ？搖the children.

A. It is B. They are C. That is D. There are

[解析]選A，是強調句型It is the children who is making so much noised的省略。

參考文獻：

[1]曲一線.五年高考三年模擬·2013B[M].首都師范大學出版社，教育科學出版社，2013.

[2]薄冰.高級英語語法[M].北京：高等教育出版社，1990.endprint

A. what； that B./；what C.that； what D./；that

[解析]答案A。強調句型對疑問詞what強調，去掉it is that句子是what makes those workers...？整個強調句作wonder的賓語，所以要注意用陳述語序。

（2）It was at the very beginning ？搖 ？搖Mr. Fox made the decision ？搖 ？搖 we should send more firefighters there.

A. when； which B. where； what C. then； so D. that； that

[解析]答案D。 第一個that為強調句型中的that；第二個that引導同位語從句，說明the decision的內容。

五、強調句型與狀語從句的區別

1.強調句和when時間狀語從句的區別

（1）It was April 29， 2011？搖 ？搖Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony. （2011福建卷）

（2）It was on April 29， 2011？搖 ？搖Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.

A. that B. when C. since D. before

[解析] 第1題答案是B，是時間狀語從句。主句是It was April 29， 2011，it表示時間，意為當……時，時間是4月29號。第2題答案是A，是強調句。

2.強調句和since， before狀語從句的區別

It is/has been two years since I did sth...自從……以來有多久了。It will （not） be a long time before sb do/does sth 將要過很久后才……/不久后就……It was two years before sb did sth 過了兩年才……

例（3）It was two years ago that he joined the Army.強調句

（4）It is /has been two years since I graduated.時間狀語從句

（5）It was two days before he headed for Shanghai.時間狀語從句

（6）It was two days later that he headed for Shanghai.強調句

六、強調句型中主謂一致的考查

強調句型對句子的主語強調，且主語是由rather than，not ...but...等連接的平行對比結構，此時要注意主謂一致。

It is not A but B that （that后的動詞與B保持一致）It is A not B that...（that后的動詞與A保持一致）It is A rather than B that...（that后的動詞與A保持一致）

【例題】

Its you， I think， rather than your wife who are to blame for your sons bad behavior.

七、強調句型中反義疑問句的考查

It is/was...that的反義疑問句用isnt it或wasnt it。

八、強調句型中的be動詞和情態動詞的結合

It may be+ 被強調部分+ that...It must have been+被強調部分+ that... Would/ Could it be +被強調部分+that...？

【例題】

It might have been John ？搖 ？搖bought a new book for Mary yesterday.

A. what B. since C. that D. then

[解析]答案為C，強調句型。

九、強調句型的省略

【例題】

—Who is making so much noise in the garden？

—？搖 ？搖the children.

A. It is B. They are C. That is D. There are

[解析]選A，是強調句型It is the children who is making so much noised的省略。

參考文獻：

[1]曲一線.五年高考三年模擬·2013B[M].首都師范大學出版社，教育科學出版社，2013.

[2]薄冰.高級英語語法[M].北京：高等教育出版社，1990.endprint

A. what； that B./；what C.that； what D./；that

[解析]答案A。強調句型對疑問詞what強調，去掉it is that句子是what makes those workers...？整個強調句作wonder的賓語，所以要注意用陳述語序。

（2）It was at the very beginning ？搖 ？搖Mr. Fox made the decision ？搖 ？搖 we should send more firefighters there.

A. when； which B. where； what C. then； so D. that； that

[解析]答案D。 第一個that為強調句型中的that；第二個that引導同位語從句，說明the decision的內容。

五、強調句型與狀語從句的區別

1.強調句和when時間狀語從句的區別

（1）It was April 29， 2011？搖 ？搖Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony. （2011福建卷）

（2）It was on April 29， 2011？搖 ？搖Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.

A. that B. when C. since D. before

[解析] 第1題答案是B，是時間狀語從句。主句是It was April 29， 2011，it表示時間，意為當……時，時間是4月29號。第2題答案是A，是強調句。

2.強調句和since， before狀語從句的區別

It is/has been two years since I did sth...自從……以來有多久了。It will （not） be a long time before sb do/does sth 將要過很久后才……/不久后就……It was two years before sb did sth 過了兩年才……

例（3）It was two years ago that he joined the Army.強調句

（4）It is /has been two years since I graduated.時間狀語從句

（5）It was two days before he headed for Shanghai.時間狀語從句

（6）It was two days later that he headed for Shanghai.強調句

六、強調句型中主謂一致的考查

強調句型對句子的主語強調，且主語是由rather than，not ...but...等連接的平行對比結構，此時要注意主謂一致。

It is not A but B that （that后的動詞與B保持一致）It is A not B that...（that后的動詞與A保持一致）It is A rather than B that...（that后的動詞與A保持一致）

【例題】

Its you， I think， rather than your wife who are to blame for your sons bad behavior.

七、強調句型中反義疑問句的考查

It is/was...that的反義疑問句用isnt it或wasnt it。

八、強調句型中的be動詞和情態動詞的結合

It may be+ 被強調部分+ that...It must have been+被強調部分+ that... Would/ Could it be +被強調部分+that...？

【例題】

It might have been John ？搖 ？搖bought a new book for Mary yesterday.

A. what B. since C. that D. then

[解析]答案為C，強調句型。

九、強調句型的省略

【例題】

—Who is making so much noise in the garden？

—？搖 ？搖the children.

A. It is B. They are C. That is D. There are

[解析]選A，是強調句型It is the children who is making so much noised的省略。

參考文獻：

[1]曲一線.五年高考三年模擬·2013B[M].首都師范大學出版社，教育科學出版社，2013.

[2]薄冰.高級英語語法[M].北京：高等教育出版社，1990.endprint