高考英語短文改錯出題規(guī)律及解題技巧

短文改錯題測試難度大，考查面廣，能力要求高。本文通過分析5年（2008年—2012年）的高考卷英語科短文改錯題考查的內(nèi)容，旨在揭示高考短文改錯題的出題動向和思路，了解解題的規(guī)律，拾遺補(bǔ)漏，揚(yáng)長避短，進(jìn)而掌握該題的一些解題方法和技巧。

短文改錯的宗旨是測試考生發(fā)現(xiàn)、判斷、糾正文章中錯誤的能力。具體來說，就是給出一篇短文，設(shè)有10個小題，10分制。除了有1題正確之外，其他9題均有錯詞、漏詞或多詞，簡稱“錯、漏、多”。學(xué)生務(wù)必關(guān)注命題角度，注意解題思路，掌握解題步驟與技巧，分清錯誤的類別，對癥下藥，思考判斷。

一、錯詞

錯詞的類型復(fù)雜，但常見的還是搭配錯誤與語法錯誤，特別是學(xué)生平時寫作時常犯的錯誤最易為命題者所關(guān)注。對于平時常常疏忽、常常出錯的地方要精心改正，做題時更要小心仔細(xì)。

命題角度1考點(diǎn)1解題思路名詞1冠詞1判斷名詞前的冠詞是否誤用名詞1名詞的數(shù)1句中名詞該用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)動詞1時態(tài)、語態(tài)、主謂一致1根據(jù)上下文判斷動詞時態(tài)、語態(tài)是否有誤，主謂搭配是否正確非謂語動詞1過去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、動名詞、不定式1根據(jù)上下文判斷非謂語動詞是否誤用代詞1人稱代詞的格、指定代詞及從句關(guān)系詞11. 人稱代詞的格是否誤用

2. 代詞前后指代是否一致

3. 定語從句中關(guān)系詞是否誤用形容詞、副詞1詞法1判斷句中形容詞和副詞是否混淆使用介詞1習(xí)慣用法1習(xí)慣用法中介詞是否誤用連詞1句法1判斷句中并列連詞、從屬連詞是否誤用1. Different people speak different language. 1.

2. Last Sunday， the police cars hurry to the tallest building. 2.

3. The students each has a dictionary. 3.

4. There are falling leaves on the ground. 4.

5. I’m looking forward to hear from you soon. 5.

6. One should love their country. 6.

7. The population in China is much larger than those in Australia. 7.

這個根據(jù)圖片提示猜習(xí)語的小游戲可以激發(fā)學(xué)生的好奇心和想象力，能夠很好地活躍課堂氣氛，優(yōu)化學(xué)習(xí)效果。

三、Learning idioms in reading

對比閱讀也是中學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)美國習(xí)語的有效方式。我們將包含習(xí)語的文章用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語轉(zhuǎn)化為簡單易懂的文章。學(xué)生可以通過閱讀對比學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)語的含義和用法。

【案例三】

Idioms： work for peanuts， out to lunch， walk on eggshells

Procedures：

1. Read the first passage that contains idioms and try to guess their meanings.

2. Read the second passage and find out the meanings of the idioms. Do you guess right？

Passage 1：

My brother doesn’t like his job for three reasons. First， it is his salary. He is working for peanuts. Second， it is his boss. He is often out to lunch， making lots of unwise decisions. Third， the electrical appliances that they make are poor in quality. My poor brother is always walking on eggshells.

Passage 2：

My brother doesn’t like his job for three reasons. First， it is his salary. He is working for a small amount of money. Second， it is his boss. He is often stupid， making lots of unwise decisions. Third， the electrical appliances that they make are poor in quality. My poor brother always has to be extremely careful in what he does and say at work.

美國習(xí)語起源于人們的現(xiàn)實(shí)生活，它們是美國生活、文化、精神的真實(shí)反映。學(xué)習(xí)美國習(xí)語對于真正掌握地道美語、實(shí)現(xiàn)跨文化交際具有非常重要的意義！

（責(zé)任編輯周侯辰）