摘要:本文側重于從影響聽力的因素分析、英語聽力應試技巧和解題方法的點撥這三方面來幫助廣大考生提高聽力水平。
關鍵詞:障礙;預測;筆記;運算;關鍵
中圖分類號:G427文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1992-7711(2013)13-083-1高考英語聽力測試與其他測試相比,有其特殊性,它要求考生從頭到尾按順序往下聽,聽完每段對話和獨白后,要在規定的時間內做出選擇,沒有“回頭看”的可能性。因此,掌握一些聽力應試技巧,對于幫助考生在考場上正常發揮水平,取得理想的成績尤為重要。下面就結合近幾年的高考英語聽力試題介紹一些應試技巧和解題的基本方法。
(一)學會預測
預測是在做聽力理解之前根據各種暗示,如所給答案選項,段落或對話標題等已有知識,對即將聽到的段落或對話內容進行預測。
1. 從答案選項中預測
Q: What does Tom do?
A. Hes a truck driver.
B. Hes a ship captain.
C. Hes a pilot.
錄音原文:
W: Tom flew to Anchorage last night, then took some passengers from there to Dallas .
M: Yeah, but he couldnt land because the airport in Dallas was snowed in.
從選項看,問題應是關于職業方面的,再從flew, passengers, airport這些信息詞中可知道Tom的職業。
2. 從說話人口氣中預測
在A,B兩人的對話中,如果B是附和或贊成,往往說“Yes”,“I agree”,“Sure”,“I think so”等。但如A用否定句,B表同意時則用“No”,“Neither / Nor...”等。
例如:
A: Harvey doesnt seem to fit into this class.
B: No, he is really a fish out of water.
(二)做簡要筆記
聽錄音時快速、準確、簡要地記下有關信息(包括數字,人名,地名,關鍵詞),前提是不要影響跟聽速度,采用自己習慣的符號。
例:How much will the man pay for the tickets?
A.$18B. $24C. $30
原文:W: Tickets for the movie are $6 for adults, half price for children.
M: All right, Id like three tickets for adults and two tickets for children, please.
筆記可簡化為:$6 A(A代表adult),C代表children,3A+2C或6 A(3)+half C(2)
(三)聽清數據,簡要記下,加以運算
在獲取時間信息時,不要誤把會話中提到的時間簡單確定為問題的答案。高考聽力考查時間時往往要進行簡單的時間換算。
At what time does the train to Leeds leave?
A. 3:00B. 3:15C. 5:00
錄音原文:
W: Excuse me, could you tell me when the next train to Manchester is?
M: Sure. Well, its 3 now. The next train to Manchester leaves in 2 hours, but you can take the train to Leeds which leaves in 15 minutes, and then get off at Manchester on the way.
對話中提到了三個時間Its 3 now, in 2 hours, in 15 minutes.現在是3點,開往Manchester的火車要兩小時后才開,即The train to Manchester leaves in 2 hours。若簡單機械地把3點和2點相加,會得出火車5點才開的錯誤選項C。
(四)抓住關鍵,對癥下藥
聽力考試常出現以Where提問的問句,考生要通過對話的具體情節和背景判斷對話發生的地點。一般來說,特定場景的用語和關鍵詞是基本固定的,考生要對此多了解,熟悉明白。在遇到Where does the conversation take place? / Where does sb. work? / Whats his job?之類的問題時,就會派上用場。如:
restaurant: menu, bill, order, tip, hamburger, beer, soup
hotel: luggage, single room, double room, room number, check in(out)
hospital: take medicine, temperature, pill, headache, fever, examine
post office: mail, deliver, stamp, envelope, parcel
airport: flight, take off, land, luggage
railway station :round trip, single trip, sleeping car
對于前五道簡短對話,要根據問題的類型,從第二個講話者的答語中來捕捉關鍵詞
如:Whats the man going to do?
A. Run to the airport.
B. Wait for another bus.
C. Hurry to get the next bus.
根據選項看,對話似乎與bus有關,主要信息捕捉范圍是在“Hurry”或“Run”和“Wait”之間。聽音范圍明顯縮小。
錄音原文 M: Excuse me, can you tell me when the next bus leave for the airport?
W: It leaves in three minutes. If you run, you might catch it.
關鍵詞“run”和“catch”正好對上答案C的“Hurry”和“get”。
(五)果斷選題,學會放棄
相信第一感覺,當機立斷,決不能反反復復,甚至影響后面的答題。切記不可因某個小題未聽懂而患得患失,不可因一題失多題,造成一步跟不上,步步踏空的結果。