中考英語寫作指導

【摘要】英語寫作是學生語言輸出的一種高級形式，涉及到學生的思維和表達能力，可以細化到內容和風格技巧?！耙黄玫奈恼聭搩热萃暾?、層次分明、語言流暢、句型多變?！保ê喎Q為全、層、流、變。）

【關鍵詞】內容完整 層次分明 語言流暢 句型多變

【中圖分類號】G633.41【文獻標識碼】A 【文章編號】2095-3089（2013）10-0093-02

初三英語老師在指導學生寫作時，可將學生分為三個層次來指導

一、何為‘全’與‘層’

‘全’為內容要點完整，無遺漏。‘層’即為文章要有層次，根據不同的內容進行分段。以2010年揚州中考試題為例：你將代表學校參加揚州市中學生英語演講比賽，演講的題目是Learning to get along with our parents。請你用英語寫一篇演講稿，內容要點如下：

要求：1）表達清楚，語法正確，上下文連貫；

2）必須包括所有相關信息，并作適當發揮；

3）詞數：100詞左右（演講稿的開頭與結尾已給出，不計入總詞數）；

4）不得使用真實姓名和校名等。

例案一：

Good morning， ladies and gentlemen. Today my topic is learning to get along with my parents. ⑴These days， most of us feel it is hard to get along with my parents. As a result， we often argue with them. Sometimes， we even don’t talk with them for several days. ⑵The cause of condition is that our parents pay too much attention to our marks we got. They make us spend too much time studying，and we don’t have time for our hobbies. These make us unhappy. ⑶There are different ways to solve these problems. First， we can communicate with our parents. Second， we can tell them our own thoughts. I think if we are willing to share our worries. They’ll understand us. ⑷That’s all for our speech. Thank you.

首先，文章要點不全。措施要寫三點，而文章只寫兩點，少寫一點。第二，文章無分層次，沒有分段。應在劃線的四處分別進行分段來寫，使文章有層次感。

如果一般的學生在寫作時能注意到這兩點，哪怕文中有少量的錯誤，也不會有太多失分的。

二、‘流’——文章流暢，注意細節

要達到這一要求，必須要把初一初二的基礎抓牢，那么這一層次寫作的提升才具有可行性。

例案二：

Good morning， ladies and gentlemen. Today my topic is learning to get along with my parents. These days， most of us feel it is hard to get along with my parents. We even don’t talk with them for several days. Many children have different reasons.

First， parents pay too much attention to our marks. That will make us stressed. Second， we don’t have the same idea with our parents， so we may argue with them.

However，⑴we can talk with them.and patient try to understand them. We must know what they do is good for us. If we are willing to share our worries. They’ll understand us.

I hope the advice will be of great value to you.

That’s all for our speech. Thank you.

這篇文章要點全、有分段。只是在流暢程度上還有所欠缺。在⑴處應該加一個主題句There are some ways to deal with them. 來作為本段的主題句。而且，劃線的句子含義表達不夠明確。最好修改為：However， There are some ways to deal with them. We can talk with them. We should be patient enough to try to understand them. 這樣，文章就要比上一篇好得多，分數也就上去了。

三、句式多變，靈活表達

句式多變其實就是以前的句型轉換，讓學生用不同的短語、句型去改寫原句。例如：在學習牛津初中英語9A Unit1中，我們寫人的品質會寫到“他樂于助人”，He is helpful.（s+v+p），可以用He often helps others.（s+v+o），還可以用He is so helpful that everyone likes him.這樣的復合句來表達。切勿用同一種句式。 再如：以翻譯“他能說英語和法語”這個句子為例。除了He can speak both English and French.還可以寫為：

1）He can speak not only English but also French.

2）He can speak English， as well French.

3）He can speak English as well as French.

4）Besides English he can speak French.

這樣可以引導學生思維的廣闊性，獲得更多遷移的練習和經驗。通過這樣的思維活動所理解的知識最具有遷移的價值。在上面的例案二中，學生用到了：

We must know what they do is good for us. If we are willing to share our worries. They’ll understand us.

I hope the advice will be of great value to you.

這幾句他用到了賓語從句、主語從句、條件狀語從句，句式已經有了很大的變化。除了句式變換在詞的選擇上也該有自己獨特的方式。美文欣賞，例案三：

Good morning， ladies and gentlemen. Today my topic is Learning to get along with our parents.

These days， most of us feel it is hard to get along with our parents. We easily get angry for no reason and even don’t talk to them for days.

I think the causes are as follows. First， our parents only care about our marks and it makes us stressed. Second， we are unwilling to communicate with them.

It’s time for us to change. First， we can communicate with them， by sharing our joys and worries with them. Then， we can help do some housework to show our love for them. Finally， we should achieve a balance between our schoolwork and hobbies so that they won’t feel worried about us.

That’s all for my speech. Thank you ！

從這篇文章中我們可以看出，不但要點全、有層次（除了分段外，還用了First、Second、Then、Finally這樣的副詞來分層），而且文筆流暢，無錯誤，詞句多變。每段的開頭都用了主題句來說明本段的內容。這樣的文章才會在中考數以萬計的文章中脫穎而出，取得高分。

四、結語

一篇好的文章光靠講解是沒法提高的，一定要講練結合。在平時的寫作訓練中，英語老師應該圍繞教材中的單元話題來擬定題目，按照全、層、流、變的要求來批閱學生的作文，讓學生進行二次寫作。只有這樣長期訓練下去，我們學生的作文水平才會得到真正提高。

參考文獻：

[1]馬存鳳 “初中英語寫作方法指導” 《中小學英語教學與研究》2012年第一期

[2]顧敏亞 “高中英語主體寫作教學的實踐” 《中小學英語教學與研究》2012年第一期