中考應對策略之突破選詞填空

余海霞

摘 要：選詞填空這一種考題的特點是綜合能力強、難度大。因此，學生在此題失分比例較高，尤其對于農村初中學生來說，簡直無從下手。那么，怎樣解決這一難題呢？

關鍵詞：閱讀；策略；選詞、

“選詞填空”題是近幾年來河南省中招考試新增加的一項內容，也就是說，對孩子們的閱讀能力又是一種新的挑戰，筆者根據近幾年的教學經驗，為孩子們總結了這類題的應對策略，下面就簡單地談一下我的見解。

一、縱覽全文，把握大意

大部分學生拿到一篇文章后，最容易犯的錯誤就是急于求成，對此，在平時的教學中，我經常反復強調，讓孩子們按以下的程序來做：拿到文章應該首先通讀一遍，通過這一遍的閱讀，就可以掌握好多信息，這些都是為了要做到胸有成竹。

二、“左顧右盼”，提取有效信息

什么是左顧右盼？就是對于要填的空，大家不應該只注意到這個空，而應該時刻注意這個空的左邊或是右邊的句子，因為這個空的有用信息往往隱藏在它的左鄰右舍。在焦作市2011-2012學年（上）期末調研測試試卷中，詞語運用有這樣一篇文章：

Dreaming High School is home to three very special young people：Kathy，Fred and Jimmy.These three students all volunteer 1 time to help other people.This volunteer work 2 each of them several hours a week.Kathy loves to read， 3 she puts this love to good use by working in the after-school care center at her local elementary school.Here，she helps young 4 to read.Fred loves animals and plans to study to be a veterinarian 5 he leaves school.He spends every Saturday morning 6 in an animal hospital.Jimmy wants to be a professional singer.He sings for groups of people at the city hospital to cheer them up.”Volunteering is great！”Says Kathy.“Not only do I feel good about helping other people，but I get to 7 time doing what I love to do.”Fred says he has learned 8 about animals than before.Jimmy says he has met some 9 people at the hospital.The three students plan to set up a student volunteer project 10 their school.“Dont put it off.”Says Kathy. “Become a volunteer today！”

文中所給的詞是以下12個：but，child，much，when，spend，wonderful，

they，and，work，at， on，take.要想正確填出文中的第一個空，必須注意這個空左邊的關鍵詞these three students這三個學生，句子的謂語是volunteer，既然主語是三個學生，當然就是他們的時間了，所給的詞里有they這個詞，因此，需要根據題目要求用它的正確形式their了。

三、“瞻前顧后”，整體理解

要做好選詞填空，學生們要掌握的另一個閱讀技巧就是瞻前顧后，千萬不要就空論空，否則，就會使自己深陷“不識廬山真面目，只緣身在此山中”的困境。在近年來的很多試題中都體現了這種閱讀方法，比如下面一篇文章：Henry Bond was about ten years old when his father died. His mother found it difficult to support a large family.However，she succeeded in 1 Henry， the oldest，to school.

Henry wanted 2 but his mother could not provide him with the money to buy it.He was so 3 that he went to bed thinking what could be done.

When 4 in the morning， he found that a deep snow had fallen，and the cold wind was blowing 5 “Ah，”said he，“the wind blows（吹）nobody good.”

He rose，ran to the house of a neighbour，and 6 his service to clear a path（小道）around the buildings.The offer was accepted.Having finished the work，and received his 7 ，he went to another place for the same purpose，and then to another 8 he had earned enough to buy a grammar.

When school started，Henry was happy 9 his seat，and ready to begin the lesson in his new book.From that time，Henry was always the 10 in all his lessons.He knew no such word as fail，and always succeeded in all.With the will.He always found the way.通過閱讀這篇文章，大家可以發現，要想很快做出第二個空是比較難的，因為文章當中，臨近這個空的地方都沒有給出提示詞或關鍵詞，這個時候就要用到瞻前顧后這一點了，當大家閱讀到第八個空后面的句子是，是不是有一種豁然開朗的感覺了呢，原來第二個空的提示語是這一句：He had earned enough to buy a grammar，其中的grammar就是關鍵詞，第二個空是不是就迎刃而解了。

四、回頭檢查，突破難點

掌握了以上幾種方法以后，選詞填空題基本上就沒有什么難題了，但還可能存在個別難點，對于實在填不出來的空，大家也不要著急，這時需要耐下性子，返回頭去重新閱讀一遍，每一遍的閱讀都會產生不一樣的理解，尤其是重新回頭的這一遍，由于大部分信息都已完成，往往會產生柳暗花明的效果。

閱讀能力的提升并不是一朝一夕的事，它需要學生長期的刻苦努力，需要教師不斷地總結先進并適用的教學方法，“得閱讀者得天下”我相信，通過教師和學生們的共同努力，選詞填空這個難題，我們一定能夠突破，一定能讓學生信心滿滿地輕裝上陣，金榜題名。