摘要:本文通過案例介紹如何在高中英語教學(xué)中加強(qiáng)學(xué)生的寫作能力培養(yǎng)的方法。在每個(gè)單元的最后一課時(shí)定位為單元復(fù)習(xí)與寫作拓展課,對(duì)單元的重點(diǎn)詞匯、詞組和句型進(jìn)行復(fù)習(xí),然后將單元所學(xué)的語言知識(shí)有效設(shè)計(jì)成形式多樣的主題寫作任務(wù),促進(jìn)學(xué)生的寫作能力提升。
關(guān)鍵詞:英語寫作能力;單元復(fù)習(xí);主題任務(wù)
中圖分類號(hào):G633.41 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A 文章編號(hào):1674-9324(2013)35-0228-03
一、背景
目前許多高中學(xué)生的英語寫作能力不高,寫作中存在許多共性問題:(1)寫作基礎(chǔ)薄弱:詞匯貧乏,搭配不當(dāng),句型使用單調(diào),文中多流水句錯(cuò)誤(即用逗號(hào)切分而不是用連詞連接并列句或復(fù)雜句,或者用逗號(hào)切分沒有并列或從屬關(guān)系的句子),除拖沓、不規(guī)范的文體外,其他的語言錯(cuò)誤、語法錯(cuò)誤、單詞拼寫及標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)和書寫規(guī)范方面的錯(cuò)誤也有很多;(2)寫作內(nèi)容貧乏:思路不開闊,所寫的作文內(nèi)容貧乏,缺乏對(duì)現(xiàn)象的觀察和思考,詞不達(dá)意,連篇空話,蒼白無力;(3)寫作技巧欠缺:動(dòng)筆前不審題、不構(gòu)思,沒有明顯的主題,想一句寫一句,東拼西湊,缺乏篇章總體布局。而這些問題的出現(xiàn)主要是因?yàn)槟壳坝⒄Z教學(xué)中沒有專門的寫作課,平時(shí)對(duì)學(xué)生的寫作基本功進(jìn)行的系統(tǒng)訓(xùn)練較少,一般只是在高考前期進(jìn)行突擊訓(xùn)練。要提高學(xué)生的寫作能力,需要在平時(shí)的教學(xué)中依托課文,在加強(qiáng)閱讀技能指導(dǎo)的同時(shí)進(jìn)行寫作技能的指導(dǎo),并輸入相關(guān)詞匯與句型,為寫作打好堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。因此筆者設(shè)想將每個(gè)單元的最后一課時(shí)定位為單元復(fù)習(xí)與寫作拓展課,在這個(gè)課型中首先對(duì)單元的重點(diǎn)詞匯、詞組和句型進(jìn)行復(fù)習(xí),然后將單元所學(xué)的語言知識(shí)有效設(shè)計(jì)成形式多樣的與單元主題相關(guān)的寫作任務(wù),既是對(duì)語言知識(shí)的一種鞏固,又同時(shí)促進(jìn)學(xué)生的寫作能力提高。以下是筆者針對(duì)人教版必修四第五單元Theme Parks單元復(fù)習(xí)課巧用單元復(fù)習(xí)促進(jìn)學(xué)生主題寫作能力的教學(xué)嘗試。
二、案例描述
1.教材分析及教學(xué)構(gòu)思。教師在教學(xué)中不能采取滿堂灌的教學(xué)模式,而應(yīng)從學(xué)生的生活實(shí)際出發(fā),采用多種活動(dòng)形式,給學(xué)生提供一個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)、交流和體驗(yàn)的英語學(xué)習(xí)平臺(tái),使學(xué)生學(xué)以致用。本節(jié)復(fù)習(xí)課的中心話題是主題公園,這個(gè)話題輕松活潑,學(xué)生易感興趣也有話可說。通過單元中兩篇文章的閱讀,對(duì)于文中提到的一些世界有名的主題公園學(xué)生已經(jīng)非常了解,所以筆者想先從文章內(nèi)容的回顧開始,借助那些美妙的圖片,帶著學(xué)生再次“游覽”這些迷人的主題公園,在回顧中筆者通過給出首字母的方式,在設(shè)定的語境中巧妙地復(fù)習(xí)了本單元的重點(diǎn)詞匯、詞組。接著筆者精心挑選了本單元中的3個(gè)高考重點(diǎn)詞匯,2個(gè)高考重點(diǎn)詞組,2個(gè)高考重點(diǎn)句型進(jìn)行細(xì)致地剖析,采取學(xué)生根據(jù)教師所給語境進(jìn)行自主填詞,歸納和造句的形式,旨在使學(xué)生在自己的感悟中總結(jié)重點(diǎn)詞匯、詞組、句型的句法,既體現(xiàn)了學(xué)生在課堂中的主體地位,又促進(jìn)學(xué)生對(duì)知識(shí)點(diǎn)的領(lǐng)悟,為后一步的語言輸出打下堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。最后筆者給出了學(xué)生熟知的關(guān)于杭州樂園的中文簡介,要求學(xué)生進(jìn)行翻譯,這篇中文簡介的設(shè)計(jì)融入了許多本單元的重點(diǎn)詞匯、詞組和句型,旨在使學(xué)生能運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識(shí)進(jìn)行有效的語言輸出。本節(jié)課的作業(yè)是根據(jù)所給出的杭州樂園的簡介,寫一篇游覽杭州樂園的游記,旨在使學(xué)生能將所學(xué)的語言點(diǎn)運(yùn)用到自己的語言實(shí)踐當(dāng)中去,既是一種鞏固,也是一種主題的升華。
2.教學(xué)過程。
Step1:Lead-in
T:Today we will review Book 4 Unit 5 Theme Parks.You know in this unit we leant many theme parks and that means we learnt v theme parks.
S:Various theme parks.
T:Good!But what are they?
S:Disneyland,Dollywood,Camelot Park,F(xiàn)uturoscope.
【設(shè)計(jì)目的】通過師生交流的方式,引出本單元“主題公園”這個(gè)話題,并且在教師的引導(dǎo)下學(xué)生回憶本單元具體介紹的四個(gè)主題公園。在交流過程中也通過給首字母的方式復(fù)習(xí)了本單元的一個(gè)重要詞匯“various”,這樣的方式自然,易于學(xué)生接受和掌握單詞。
Step2:Presentation(Words and Phrases Review)
Part1 Disneyland
T:Let’s learn more detailed information about these four theme parks. Let’s go to the first theme park——Disneyland.What’s the location of it?Here is a short passage about it and can you fill in the blanks?It can be found in several parts of the world, which is probably most f us.
S:Familiar to us.
T:How about its attractions? We can t t space, visit a p ship, meet your favorite fairy tale or Disneyland c character, giant s ing ship, t free-fall drops.
S:Travel through space, visit a pirate ship, meet your favorite fairy tale or Disneyland cartoon character, giant swinging ship, terrifying free-fall drops.
T:So we can conclude that Disneyland is a park filled with f and a . With all these attractions, a lot of t go to Disneyland every year and no w t is increasing.
S:Fantasy, amusement, tourists, wonder, tourism.Part 2 Dollywood
T: Next let’s go to Dollywood. You know it is in the beautiful Smoky Mountains in the southeastern USA, which is one of the most u theme parks in the world.
S: Unique.
T: And we can see many famous country music groups p there, c make objects in the o way, visit the c shop, take a ride on the steam-e train, see beautiful bald eagles in the world’s largest p , take a ride on the old wooden roller coaster, which is f for having the most l in the smallest space.
S: Perform, old-fashioned, candy, engine, preserve, famous, length.
T: So we can say Dollywood is a park to learn America’s h southeastern c .
S: Historical, culture.
Part 3 Camelot Park
T: Next let’s go to Camelot Park. We can experience the ancient days and great d of English Knights and ladies, princes and queens. Every area of the park is m a life in the days of King Arthur and the Knights of Round Table.
S: Deeds, modeled after.
T: In the Camelot park we can watch m shows, see fighting with s or on horseback on jousting area, visit the farm y .
S: Magic, swords, yard.
T: So Camlot is a park to experience the fantasy about a England.
S: Ancient.
Part 4 Futuroscope
T: Our last stop is Futuroscope. It is one of the largest s parks in the world.. The science and technology-based theme park uses he most a technology to provide visitors brand new experiences of the earth and beyond. Visitors can g c t any part of the world as they like. The a , up-to-late information together with many opportunities for hands-on learning makes the world c t l in a completely new way for visitors.
S: Advanced, get close to, amazing, come to life.
【設(shè)計(jì)目的】這個(gè)部分教師引導(dǎo)學(xué)生從“l(fā)ocation”和“attraction”兩個(gè)角度對(duì)各個(gè)主題公園的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行回顧,并且通過給首字母的方式對(duì)本單元的重點(diǎn)詞匯和詞組進(jìn)行復(fù)習(xí),使學(xué)生在課文的語境中進(jìn)行單詞和詞組的回顧,更利于語言知識(shí)的鞏固。
Step 3 Consolidation
T: You know there is also a theme park in Xiaoshan called Hangzhou Paradise. I believe all of you have visited this park. Can you write a passage about it?The passage should include the introduction of the attractions in this park and your comments on this park. Please use the words and phrases in this unit as many as possible.
學(xué)生習(xí)作:
Hangzhou Paradise is a theme park which is the most unique and familiar to the people of Xiaoshan.It is famous for its various amusement activities. You can travel through space, visit a pirate ship and meet the cartoon characters you like here. What’s more,you can also experience many exciting rides, from giant swinging ships to terrifying free-fall drops. In order to ensure the safety of tourists,Hangzhou Amusement Park uses the advanced tecnology to preserve the tourists from being injured. Besides experiencing the excitement,you can also enjoy art here. Some world-famous music groups will perform here. In a word,you can get close to many things that you have never experienced before. With so many attractions,it’s no wonder that the tourism of Xiaoshan is deveoping rapidly these years. Come to Hangzhou Amusement Park,whether you are young or old. Whichever activity you choose,it will bring you surprise.
【設(shè)計(jì)目的】本環(huán)節(jié)要求學(xué)生寫一篇介紹杭州樂園的文章,文章須包括對(duì)杭州樂園娛樂項(xiàng)目的介紹和學(xué)生對(duì)杭州樂園的點(diǎn)評(píng),由于杭州樂園的許多娛樂項(xiàng)目與所學(xué)的主題樂園相一致,前面環(huán)節(jié)中已經(jīng)做了充分的鞏固和鋪墊,因此對(duì)杭州樂園的介紹便變得水到渠成,寫作任務(wù)也較容易完成。本環(huán)節(jié)旨在使學(xué)生能運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識(shí)進(jìn)行有效的語言輸出,既鞏固了語言知識(shí)點(diǎn),又促進(jìn)學(xué)生的語言表達(dá)能力。
Step 4 Homework
T: Please polish your passage and review the key words, phrases and sentence structures in this unit.
【設(shè)計(jì)目的】本節(jié)課的作業(yè)布置分兩個(gè)部分:修改作文和復(fù)習(xí)重點(diǎn)單詞、詞組和句型結(jié)構(gòu),旨在使學(xué)生能將所學(xué)的語言點(diǎn)運(yùn)用到自己的語言實(shí)踐當(dāng)中去,既是一種鞏固,也是一種主題的升華。
三、反思
寫作是語言技能的重要組成部分之一,也是高中英語教學(xué)的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)。在英語教學(xué)中應(yīng)借鑒閱讀材料的美詞佳句和篇章結(jié)構(gòu),將其恰當(dāng)?shù)剡\(yùn)用于寫作實(shí)踐中去,激發(fā)學(xué)生寫作的積極性,使他們不再懼怕寫作,從而提高學(xué)生的寫作能力。在本文所探討的案例中,筆者分析了教材內(nèi)容和學(xué)生學(xué)情,以“如何巧借復(fù)習(xí)單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)促進(jìn)學(xué)生寫作”這一思路設(shè)計(jì)了一節(jié)公開課。本節(jié)課采用了多種教學(xué)活動(dòng),如:借助圖片、首字母和語境復(fù)習(xí)單詞和詞組,自主探究和歸納語言點(diǎn),翻譯句子等。這些活動(dòng)層層鋪墊,由淺入深,使學(xué)生對(duì)本單元的單詞、詞組和句型結(jié)構(gòu)做了一個(gè)透徹地回顧,為后面的翻譯和寫作做了充分的準(zhǔn)備,從而水到渠成地完成寫作任務(wù)。要實(shí)現(xiàn)復(fù)習(xí)課與寫作的有效結(jié)合,在教學(xué)中要注意以下幾點(diǎn):
1.精心分析教材和學(xué)生的實(shí)際水平,任務(wù)設(shè)計(jì)既要緊扣課文內(nèi)容,又要與學(xué)生的實(shí)際生活相聯(lián)系。設(shè)計(jì)的課堂內(nèi)容要多樣化,并且體現(xiàn)學(xué)生的主體作用,教師不能一言堂,要將更多的實(shí)踐留給學(xué)生自己去思考、實(shí)踐和歸納,這樣學(xué)到的知識(shí)才能更扎實(shí),同時(shí)學(xué)生也更知道怎么去運(yùn)用這些知識(shí)。
2.任務(wù)設(shè)計(jì)要為寫作服務(wù),要注意相關(guān)詞匯、詞組和句型結(jié)構(gòu)的輸入,為后面環(huán)節(jié)的有效輸出打好基礎(chǔ)。
3.寫作主題要與所學(xué)內(nèi)容相關(guān)或類似,要貼近學(xué)生生活,可以先給學(xué)生一些參考性知識(shí)進(jìn)行鋪墊,教師也要給予及時(shí)的反饋和指導(dǎo),這樣對(duì)于提高學(xué)生寫作的自信心和能力起著極其重要的作用。
為了提高學(xué)生的寫作能力,在平時(shí)的教學(xué)中,特別在每個(gè)單元的復(fù)習(xí)課中,教師應(yīng)從教材和學(xué)生的實(shí)際情況出發(fā),根據(jù)不同的單元主題,精心設(shè)計(jì)與主題相關(guān)的各種體裁的寫作任務(wù),使學(xué)生所學(xué)能真正為其所用,打造有效的巧用單元復(fù)習(xí)促進(jìn)學(xué)生主題寫作能力的課堂。
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