非謂語動詞是指在句子中不做謂語的動詞,主要包括不定式、動名詞和分詞。下文中,筆者對2011年高考英語對非謂語動詞的考查熱點做了歸納和分析,希望對同學們有所幫助。
熱點一、 非謂語動詞做主語
【真題再現】
1. (2011上海卷) It’s no use ____________ without taking action.
A. complain B. complaining
C. being complained D. to be complained
2.(2011北京卷)It’s important for the figures _________ regularly.
A. to be updated B. to have been updated
C. to update D. to have updated
【解析】答案為1.B,2.A;兩題考查非謂語動詞做主語的用法。第一小題構成習慣搭配:It’s no use doing,it為形式主語,真正的主語動名詞短語置于句子之后;第二小題構成習慣搭配:it is adj for sb to do,it為形式主語,真正的主語為不定式短語for sb to do。B和D項表示發生過的某件具體的事,但句尾的regularly表示經常發生的事,故用一般現在時。for引出的邏輯主語the figures與update存在著被動關系,故選A。句意為“經常更新這些數值很重要。”
【歸納與點撥】 做主語的非謂語動詞有doing和to do;doing一般表示正在做某事,而to do表示的是將要做某事或是一時的動作,如:Doing exercise is good to our health.這里體現出的不是正在或者是將要,而是一種普遍性。在某些句型中通常要用動名詞短語做主語,如:It is no use/good /useless /worthwhile doing…;某些句型中常用不定式做主語,如:it is +adj for sb to do或it takes sb some time to do。
熱點二、 非謂語動詞做賓語
【真題再現】
3.(2011四川卷)Lydia doesn’t feel like_____ abroad. Her parents are old.
A. study
B. studying
C. studied D. to study
【解析】答案為B;考查非謂語動詞做賓語,feel like doing“想要/喜歡做某事”,like為介詞故用動名詞做賓語,選B項。句意為:Lydia不想出國留學,她的父母年齡太大了。
【歸納與點撥】做賓語的非謂語動詞有to do和doing兩種,能直接接不定式做賓語的動詞有:offer, learn, plan, ask, promise, agree, help, prepare, hope, decide, choose, refuse, manage, wish, want, expect, demand, determine, pretend等。而在 risk, admit , avoid, consider, dislike, enjoy, escape, face, finish, forgive, give up, imagine, keep, mention, mind, miss, practise, put off, can't help, can't stand, look forward to, insist on,feel like等動詞或詞組之后只能用 doing 做賓語。
熱點三、非謂語動詞做補足語
【真題再現】
4.(2011天津卷)Passengers are permitted _____ only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.
A. to carry B. carrying
C. to be carried D. being carried
5.(2011陜西卷)Claire had luggage _______ an hour before her plane left.
A. check B. checking
C. to check D. checked
【解析】答案為4.A,5.D; 兩題都考查非謂語動詞的用法,第4小題考查非謂語動詞做主語補足語的用法,permit sb to do sth的被動語態為be permitted to do sth(被允許干某事),故選A。……