不妨讓學生站講臺

摘要《英語課程標準》提出中學的英語教學應該做到使學生通過英語的學習，掌握學習外語的方法和策略，并且具有良好的學習心態，對以后更加漫長的終身學習奠定基礎。積極的情感態度如興趣、動機、自信、意志和合作精神等有利于學習過程和學習效果;相反，消極的情感如焦慮、抑制、過于內向、害羞和膽怯不利于英語學習。自主學習能力是終身學習的前提，學生在校學習期間的一個重要學習任務是學會如何學習，以便他們走入社會以后能夠真正實現自主的終身學習。

中圖分類號:G633.4文獻標識碼:A

0 引言

很多步入高中的學生，不能適應高中的英語學習，感覺高中英語難度大，考題靈活，學的和考的沒有關系，一點成就感都沒有。有的學生甚至在高中的半個月學習后就放棄英語學習了。這樣的學生在我們南京中等層次的中學里是常常見到的。我們高一英語老師必須想方設法做好高一新生的英語銜接教學，努力培養學生學習英語的主動性和興趣。于是，我在高中最重要的教學環節——高中閱讀上采取讓學生自己站講臺講解的方法。

1 操作過程

(1)全班五十名同學按照學號順序每人一篇，限時閱讀，在課堂上用五分鐘向全班講解。每節課兩名學生用十分鐘講解兩篇，然后老師上課。

(2)對全班同學而言，每天閱讀并理解兩篇英語短文，完成后面的理解練習。

(3)每個同學有一本詞匯積累本，及時記錄并且記憶這些短文里的有用單詞和詞組，老師定期抽查詞匯本和默寫單詞或詞組。

(4)主講學生在備課期間應采用多種手段或方法解決遇到的問題，如查英語詞典、向同學或朋友求助、上網搜索、向老師請教等。

(5)在上課的前一天，老師必須和兩名主講學生一起討論文章的大意、重難點、有用詞匯、練習答案的解釋方法等，在講臺上，注意教態、大聲說話、提問，在做的過程中學習到很多實際的知識和能力。

(6)每位同學在上完課后用英語寫一篇教學報告，總結出自己在這個過程中的感受、體會和得失，明確要改善和提高英語閱讀能力自己需要做出的努力方向。

2 課堂案例

上課前三分鐘，我就走進教室候課。這時兩個主講的同學已經開始在黑板上寫自己所要講解的短文的詞組了。

上課鈴響了，師生問候完畢。

Teacher: Now， let’s invite Windy to explain the first passage to us.

大家一起鼓掌歡迎。只見Windy從容、自信地走上講臺，大聲地開始了五分鐘的閱讀講解。

Lecturer: Thank you very much. It’s my turn to do the lecture today. Who is willing to tell us the main idea of the passage?

Student A: May I speak in Chinese?

Lecturer: OK.

Student A: 一個經常受到野象侵襲的村莊的村民要阻止大象入侵但又不能傷害大象。他們千方百計，想方設法，最后通過撒辣椒粉獲得成功，大象不再靠近這個小村莊了。

Lecturer: Excellent. Now let’s check the answers. Question 1， Student B， please!

Student B: My answer is C.

Lecturer: Right. Question 2， Student C.

Student C: I think A is correct.

Lecturer: Yes， you got it. Student D， what do you think about the next question?

Student D: D is my answer.

Lecturer: Right. Student E， what’s your answer to the last question?

Student E: C， but I am not quite sure.

Lecturer: Any other opinions? Student F.

Student F: I think A is the right answer. C is a little far from the point.

Lecturer: Well done. Now read the expressions on the blackboard together. One， two， start.

All the students read loud:

for some timelie close to have a hard time cut down forestsat the same timeresult in disaster in some casesput up electric fencessucceed in doing something hit upon a simple way be covered with keep elephants awayback offdeal with

break the balance of nature

Teacher: Windy did a good job today. Now， David， it’s your turn. Let’s welcome David.

……

在兩個同學講解之后，老師及時給出評價:The two lectures today are very excellent. They spoke loud and kept calm. Their explanations were simple， clear and to the point. Now please remember to look at others when you communicate with them because it is very important to contact with eyes.

(今天的兩個同學做得很棒。他們聲音響亮，舉止大方，解釋簡潔、清晰、到位。有一點，我們大家都要注意的是在和別人交流時，應該認真看對方的眼睛，因為眼神的交流極其重要。)

總結完了，我看看手表，過了十分鐘。我開始上課:“Let’s revise what we learned last time. …”

3 反思

正如著名教育家贊可夫說:“教學法一旦觸及學生的情緒和意志領域，觸及學生的精神需求，這種教學法就能發揮高度有效的作用。” 還有著名教育家蘇霍姆林斯基再三強調:一定要讓學生“學會如何學習”。我發現在全班同學完成一輪教學以后，整個班級的英語學習氛圍有了極大的改善。首先，同學們對英語越來越感興趣，學習英語的積極性和主動性越來越強，英語成績和英語知識的運用能力有了顯著提高。其次，同學之間形成了友好和諧、互幫互助的良好關系，老師和同學之間增加了溝通和交流，師生之間和生生之間都加強了信任、尊重和友好。最后還有一點非常明顯的變化，許多同學的個性和心態變了，變得活潑、開朗和自信，變得更加有責任心了。需要注意的是在這個過程中，老師一定要多幫助多鼓勵多贊揚學生，特別是英語學習有困難和性格內向的。

對每個同學來說雖然只是短短的五分鐘，但是大家都感覺收益非淺，都期待著下一次再上講臺。 于是，我們開始了第二輪，第三輪 ……

4 學生感悟

Report on my reading teaching (by Windy)

I’m lucky to have the chance to teach my classmates how to read and understand English passages. I have learned a lot from this practice.

When I got my task， I felt very excited and a bit nervous because I could challenge myself and I was a little shy. Then I read the passage carefully and did the choice exercises. I looked up new words in the dictionary. I found it so important to keep a good English dictionary. When I got some problems， I discussed with my good friends Li Juan and Shi Lin. At the same time， I also turned to my teacher of English for advice and instructions.

The class I looked forward to is coming. Just before it I wrote new words and expressions on the blackboard and stood in front of it. The bell rang and my class began. I collected my strength and spoke loud. I invited two of my classmates to answer my questions. They were so kind and clever and they did a good job. I managed to finish my task at last. My teacher encouraged and praised me.

I have really gained a lot from this experience. I become brave and confident. I learn how to help others and how to ask help from others. I also find it helpful to refer to dictionaries. I conclude that if we want to improve our English reading ability， we should do the following three things. First， we must have a large vocabulary and proper grammar knowledge. Besides， reading carefully and getting main ideas are extremely necessary. At last， we should read more out of class and enrich our knowledge and information in many different fields.

In all， it is a very happy and exciting experience for me. I once taught my classmates like a teacher. I will never forget it.