動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的基本用法

一、不定式作賓語(yǔ)

1.在以下動(dòng)詞后，只能跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)。如:agree，ask，aim，arrange，choose，decide，demand，expect，fail，help，hope，lean，long，manage，offer，plan，prepare，pretend，promise，refuse，wish等，這些詞大部分可接that引導(dǎo)的從句。如:

(1)I decided to ask for my money back.

(2)I decided that I would ask for my money back.

(3)When our visit to the farm was over，we expected to start back on foot.

(4)When our visit to the farm was over，we expected that we would start back on foot.

2.當(dāng)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中的賓語(yǔ)是不定式時(shí)，先用形式賓語(yǔ)it代替不定式，把不定式置于補(bǔ)語(yǔ)之后，即主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞+it+補(bǔ)語(yǔ)+to do句式。如:

(1)We think it quite important for us to learn a foreign language well.

(2)He feels it his duty to help the poor.

3.介詞but，except，besides+to do(do)。在這種句型中，如介詞前有動(dòng)詞do，后面應(yīng)接不帶to的不定式;如無(wú)do，則接to不定式，即帶do不帶to，帶to不帶do。如:

(1)The enemy soldiers had no choice but to give in.

(2)On Sunday afternoon I had nothing to do but watch TV.

二、動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)

1.在以下動(dòng)詞后，只能接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，如:admit，appreciate，consider，delay，enjoy，finish，keep，imagine，mind，miss，practise，resist，risk，save，suggest，don’t mind，give up，insist，on，put off等。如:

(1)I suggest spending our summer vacation in a seaside town.

(2)You must give up smoking，for it does too much harm to your health.

2.動(dòng)名詞作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。如:

(1)I should go to attend the birthday celebration instead of staying at home.

(2)What about inviting Li Jun to make a speech?

動(dòng)名詞前的介詞有時(shí)可以省略，如:have difficulty (in) doing，have no trouble (in) doing，lose no time (in) doing，prevent/stop...(from)doing，there is no use (in) doing等。

3.部分動(dòng)詞后面，既可接動(dòng)詞不定式，也可接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，意義不變。如:begin，continue，start，hate，like，love，need，require，want等。

在need，require，want后接-ing形式，表示被動(dòng)意義，也可接不定式，但要用被動(dòng)形式，如:Your handwriting needs improving (to be improved).hate，love，like接不定式表示特定的未來(lái)事件，接動(dòng)名詞表示目前正在進(jìn)行的活動(dòng)或一般的行為。

在下列情況下，一般要用不定式:

(1)hate，like，love前有would(should)時(shí)，如:I’d like to have a cup of coffee.

(2)當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞begin，continue，start等是進(jìn)行式時(shí)，如:The students are starting to work on the difficult maths problem.

(3)begin，continue，start與know，understand等狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用時(shí)，如:I soon began to understand what was happening.

4.advise，allow，encourage，forbid，permit等動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，或帶不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如:

(1)Our teachers don’t permit our swimming in the lake.

(2)Our teachers don’t permit us to swim in the lake.

5.部分動(dòng)詞后接不定式或動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，意義差別較大，應(yīng)根據(jù)句子語(yǔ)境選擇使用。

5.1 forget，remember，regret后接不定式，表示現(xiàn)在或未來(lái)的動(dòng)作，接動(dòng)名詞表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生。如:

(1)Don’t forget to post the letter for me.

(2)Have you forgotten meeting her in Beijing Airport?

(3)Remember to close the windows before you leave.

(4)I remember writing him a letter a year ago.

(5)We regret to tell you that all of you are not invited toattend the meeting.

(6)They regretted ordering these books from abroad.

5.2 mean to do打算做某事;mean doing意味著……，如:

(1)I meant to catch up with the early bus.

(2)This means wasting a lot of money.

5.3 try to do設(shè)法盡力做某事;try doing試著做某事，如:

(1)You should try to overcome your shortcomings.

(2)Try working out the physics problem in another way.

5.4 stop to do停下一件事去做另一件事(不定式作目的狀語(yǔ));stop doing停止做某事，如:

(1)On the way to the airport，I stopped to buy a paper.

(2)You’d better stop arguing and do as you are told.

5.5 can’t help doing禁不住……;can’t help to do不能幫助干……，如:

(1)They couldn’t help jumping up at the news.

(2)Sorry I have lots of work to do.So I can’t help to make up the room for you.

5.6 go on to do做不同的事或不同內(nèi)容的事;go on doing繼續(xù)不停地做某事，指同一動(dòng)作的繼續(xù)，如:

(1)He went on to talk about world situation.

(2)We’ll go on fighting so long as there is oppression in the world.

5.7 leave off to do 離開(kāi)某地去干什么(目的狀語(yǔ));leave off doing停下某事，如:

(1)It’s time to leave off talking and to start acting.

(2)They left off to go fishing.