張巧蘭
在日常教學中,筆者發現,經常遇見“Can't you see?”“Haven't you readit?”之類的句子,而學生們總是不理解此類句子的意思,更別說如何應對了,為了幫助學生們更好的理解此類句子,現就其定義、形式及應用中應注意的問題,作一總結,以饗讀者。
一、定義及形式
否定疑問句(Negative Questions)是一般疑問句的否定結構,它有兩形式,副詞n0放在主語之后,或not的簡略式-n't與助動詞一起放在主語之前。(-n't要與句首的be,have助動詞或情態動詞連寫在一起)。例如:
Do you not like it?
Don't you like it?
Can you not answer this question?
Can't you answer this question?
Have you not any sisters?
Haven't you any sisters?
前一種形式多用于書面語,后一種形式多用于口語,實際運用也較多。
二、否定疑問句主要用法:
1.表示驚異、不相信或提出反問(常可譯為“難道”)。例如:
1)Can't he come tonight?他難道今天晚上不來嗎?
2)Haven't you gniven up smoking yet?你(難道)還沒有戒煙?
3)Don't you think so?你難道不這樣想?
2.提出婉轉有禮的請求、建議、邀約等(相當于一個祈使句)。例如:
1)Won't you sjt down?(=Please sit down.)請坐呀!
2)Can't you walk a little faster?(=Please walk a little faster.)請稍微走快一點兒。
3)Won't you come out for a walk?(=Please come out for a walk.)出來散散步好嗎?
3.表示自己的看法或征詢意見,預期得到肯定的回答。例如:
1)Lucy i8 a nice girl,don't you agree?露茜是個好女孩,你說是嗎?
2)Don't you think we should go at once?是不是我們馬上就走?
3)Shant I accept his invitation?我不該接受他的邀請嗎?
4.表示贊賞、厭煩、鄙夷感情(相當于一個感嘆句)。例如:
1)Isn't she clever?(=How clever she is!)她真聰明!
2)Wasn't it a marvellous concert?(=What a marvellous concert it Was!)
3)Isn'tit a hotday?(=What ahot day it is!)多熱的天氣啊!