英語形容詞和副詞的作用及位置

甘志紅

〔關鍵詞〕 英語;形容詞;副詞;作用;位置

〔中圖分類號〕 G633.41

〔文獻標識碼〕 C

〔文章編號〕 1004—0463(2009)10(B)—0046—01

一、形容詞和副詞在句中的作用

1.形容詞的作用

形容詞是用來說明人或事物特征的詞,在句中常作以下成分:

(1)作表語:放在be動詞或系動詞之后。如:

The sweater is very expensive.

The day gets long and the night gets short now.

注意:表語形容詞在句中只作表語,不作定語。如:afraid,asleep,alone,awake,glad等詞。如:

This is an asleep cat.(誤)

The lovely cat is asleep.(正)

(2)作定語:形容詞作定語時修飾名詞或代詞。修飾名詞時,常放在名詞的前面;而修飾由some,any,no,every與one,body,thing,where組成的復合不定代詞時,常將形容詞放在這些不定代詞的后面。如:

He has a beautiful bike.

Is there anything wrong with the computer?

(3)作主語補足語和賓語補足語:表示事物的狀態或事情的結果,放在主語和賓語后面。如:

We should keep our city clean and safe.(賓補)

Liu Hulan died very young.(主補)

(4)作名詞:有些形容詞與定冠詞the連用,表示一類人或事物。指人時,用復數動詞;指物或抽象概念時,謂語動詞用第三人稱單數形式。如:

The good in him outweighs the bad.

The Chinese are very hard-working.

另外,有些形容詞與數量詞形成短語,作表語或定語,即:基數詞+名詞+形容詞。如:

The boy is ten years old.(作表語)

This is a ten-year-old boy.(作定語)

2.副詞的作用

副詞是用來表示行為或性質特征的詞。在句中作表語、定語、狀語和賓語補足語。

(1)作表語:表方向的副詞(up,down,in,out,on,away等)和表位置的副詞(inside,outside,upstairs,downstairs,above,below等)可在句中作表語。如:

My schoolbag is upstairs.

(2)作定語:副詞作定語時,常放在被修飾的詞之后。如:

The potatoes here are very big.

(3)作狀語:副詞作狀語時,修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子。如:

The people are flying kites quietly.(quietly修飾flying)

How time flies!(how修飾整個句子)

(4)作賓語補足語。如:

Ask him downstairs,please.

二、有些形容詞和副詞在句中的位置

1.形容詞的位置

(1)單個形容詞修飾名詞時,放在名詞的前面;而形容詞短語修飾名詞時,則放在名詞的后面。如:

This is a house big to live in.

(2)enough作形容詞修飾名詞時,可放在名詞的前面或后面,而作副詞修飾形容詞時要放在形容詞的后面。如:

They have enough time to play football.(作形容詞)

The girl isnt old enough to go to school.(作副詞)

(3)else修飾疑問詞或不定代詞時放在他們的后面。如:

Where else do you want to go?

Anything else?

2.副詞的位置

(1)有些副詞(often,usually,never,always等)常放在be動詞、情態動詞或助動詞之后,實義動詞之前。如:

I often go to school on foot.

He has never been to Beijing.

(2)時間副詞、地點副詞一般放在句末。如果時間副詞和地點副詞同時出現在一個句子中時,地點副詞在前,時間副詞在后。如:

We will go to Lanzhou tomorrow.

(3)少數副詞放在句子的前面。如:

Luckily we have won the game.