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1．Misused Nouns and Articles

It’s very important to leam that all nouns in Englishare

either

COUNTABLE

or

UNCOUNTABLE．Unfortunately there is no rule that will tell you whether anoun is COUNTABLE or UNCOUNTABLE：It just is．Thus． an UNCOUNTABLE noun is always singular．COUNTABLE nounsshould be paid moreattention to．

What’8 more wecan put“a”or“an”in front of each COUNTABLE noun，but UNCOUNTABLEnouns cannot．This is because“a”is a weak form of theWOrd “one”．and as you can’t count an UNCOUNTABLEnoun， yon cannot take “one”of it Therefore，UNCOUNT-ABLE nouns cannot take“a”．In a great many casesUNCOUNTABLE nouns ale used without any article atall．In other Words．COUNTABLE nouns can never occurin the singular without an article．

2．MisUSed Verbs

Here are some main errors：

(1)Disagreement of Subjeet and Verb

A．An easily correeted error is the olnission of“s”inthe Thord Persorl Singular Simple Present Tense．

B．Errprs in using a Plural Subjeet with a SingularVerb or a Singular Subjeet with a Plural verb．

(2)Incorrect Past Participle and Simple Past Tense

Most verbs in English add—ed or—d to form their pasttense and their past participle which are called regularVerbs． A number of other verbs， however，are quitedifferent，which are caned irregular verbs，and each onemust be leamt separately．

So，errors are often made from not knOWing the rightform of tIle Simple Past Tense andd the Past Participle．

(3)The confusion of the Active Voice with the PassiveVoice

The students should always have the followingconsciously in mind：The Active Voice is used when thesubjeet does the action while the Passive Voice is usedwhen the subject is done something to．

(4)Auxiliary Verbs

Remember that，as a nlle，aU Auxiliary Verbs arefollowed by the Infinitive without“to”，each of which hastheir own meanings and uses．Forthe negative，use lnly“not”． However， there are some certain verbs． notproperly Auxiliary Verbs，which are treated in this way．They are see，hear，feel，nake and fet．The most commonerrors in a passage arise from the misiise of them．Therefore，I advise students to pay particular attention tothem．

3．Misused PronouFis

Pronoun is a Word used instead of a noun， anadjeetive．or a numeral．

Pronouns can be classified as follows；

(1)Personal Pronollns：I，you，he，it，we，they，her，him…

(2)Possessive Pronouns： my，mine；our，ours；their，theirs

(3)Self-Pronouns：myself，himself， theraselves.itself…

(4)Relative Pronouns；who，which，what…

(5)Demonstrative Pronouns：this，that，tllose.these…

(6)Indefnite Pronouns：some，any，all，none，every，each…

(7)Interrogative Pronouns：who，which，what…

(8)Reciproeal Pronouns：each other，one another…

(9)Conjunctive Pronouns：who，which，what…

Personal Pronouns express persorlal relatioilships．Subjeets haVe the rlominative form，while objects，whether direet or indireet， or prepositional， have the obieetiveform．

There are two sets of PoSSessive Pronouns：Conjointforms and Absolute forms．when used as modifiers(justlike adjectiveS before the nouns)!，they take the first form；The second forms are used to avoid the repetition of thenouns．They are not followed by the nouns and may beused in many of the constructiotis in which noHns areused．

Self-Pronouns are formed by adding“self”(plural：“selves”)to the genitive (possessive)case of the first andthe seeond person，and to the objeetive CaSe of the thirdperfon．They have thtee distinct llSes：reflexive，emphaticand predieative．

4．Misused AdjectIves or Adverbs

A modifier is a word or a group of Words which isadded to another word or a group of Words and modifiesits meaning．Modifiers are classified，aecording to theirfunetions，as(1)AdjeetiVeS Modifiers，which modify nounsand pronouns;arld (2)Adverbial Modifiers，which modifvVerbs，adjeetives and adverbs，or modify the Sellterlee as awhole．

Besides， Adjeetives can be used as a Predieative，part of a eomplex objeet，a prepositional object or tofunetion as a noun(generally but not rlecessarily preeededby the de6nite“the”--to denote all the persons possessingthe quality meritioned by the adjective as a group，so theyare plural in meaning and take a plural verb)．

What’s more，students should pay attention to thethree degrees of eomparison of Adjeetives or Adverhs andformation(regular or irregular)．