面對(duì)科技挑戰(zhàn)的倫理對(duì)策

[摘要]二十一世紀(jì)的科技發(fā)展給人類生存提出了嚴(yán)峻的挑戰(zhàn)，尤其是對(duì)人類自身而言。有著深遠(yuǎn)基礎(chǔ)的中國(guó)倫理如何面對(duì)這一現(xiàn)實(shí)呢?本人認(rèn)為應(yīng)該從四個(gè)方面著手：使科技精神人格化，讓科技活動(dòng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化，使科技主體責(zé)任化，讓科技結(jié)果合理化。

[關(guān)鍵詞]科技 挑戰(zhàn) 倫理 對(duì)策

The question How ethics face the challenge of Science Tech- nology is to avoid its negative influence as far as possible， make it serve well for the humanity. The negative influences of the develop-ment of Science Technology have two main sides: the influence to human survival environment and one to human oneself.

The influence of Science Technology to human survival environment is obvious. When the historical development of Sci-ence Technology such as: blasting explosive， atomic energy， chemical technology， paper making technology， textile technol-ogy and biological technology creates material civilization， it also brings war escalation， environmental pollution and worse survival requirement. Because of the modern ecological environment crisis caused by the resources drying up， population inflation， serious pollution， add and wilderness， human being start to discuss en-vironmental questions from the Ethics angle. Human being have to stop the destruction， rebuild our homeland， fundamentally realize the disaster which brings to the humanity by the ecological environment crisis.

If the challenges caused by the development of Scienee Tech-nology in 20th century make human survival environment be worse and human value be tiny， then biotechnology development in 21 st century， such as biological chip and genetic engineering， having ethics morals questions， will cause people in a terrified way.

How can we make Science Technology serves well for the humanity? It needs ethics make good preparation. Unifying our country' s reality， I think ethics should face the challenge of Sci-ence Technology from below four sides:

Making the spirit of Science Technology be personifi-cation

There is one famous saying \"The cultural final achievement is a personality\"， American culture creates Americans， Chinese culture creates Chinese. When the American Sutton launched the appeal\"The science must tally with the human nature\" in 1920， Chinese just started to \"Open eyes to watch the world\"， to start the New Culture Movement; When western science breaded ma-ture tool rationality， the thinking of \"The person and the nature gather one\" only stay at value rationality.

We can not set the spirit of Science Technology above humanities spirit， the spirit of Science Technology includes two sides: tool rationality and value rationality. As the individual， the spirit of Science Technology is a kind of individuality char-acter building with concurrent tutelage inside and outside. As the society， the dilemma of modern technical civilization requests that science must have human nature.

Making the activity of Science Technology be standardi-zation

Technical ethics standard is one of idea and moral， what does it stipulate? That is to stipulate behavior criterion with which people engage in the technical activity from idea and moral， saf-eguard humanity' s vital interest， promote human society' s sus-tainable development. Science Technology is the sole produc- tive force， but also the important social behavior of constructing material civilization and spiritual civilization， undertaking the so-cial responsibility and the moral responsibility. From this point， observing ethics standard in the activity of Science Technology is necessary for the social development. The all activities of Sci-ence Technology that do not conform to ethics morals will be encountered the objection， delivered to the court of morality， even receive legal sanction. On Dec2， 2000， Chinese humanity gene organization group， Ethics and legal committee stated that : We admit that humanity gene organization is a part of human common inheritance， we insist human rights in international standards， respect participant' s value， tradition， culture and personality， accept and persist person' s dignity and the freedom. Science Technology morals entrust the scientist with the reason and calm-ness. With law and regulations， it guarantees the correct direction for the activity of Science Technology of experts. The standard is not only the limitation to Science Technology experts， but also has the universal significance.

Making main body of Science Technology be responsibil-ity

When the scientists as the main body of Science Technol-ogy engage in the science activity and use the technical achie-vement to practice， Science Technology becomes a process with independent strength， tool rationality is separated from value rationality day by day， dissimilating to the hostile strength inde-pendent on human. Human's work is for own survival and the development. The aim for the scientists to engage in the technical activity is making Science Technology benefit human being.

Science Technology must serve for humanity's benefit， meet the development of the human race needs well， serve to cope with the disease and the natural disaster. Scientific circle should pay more attention to the social need， care the curiosity of public on science negative influence， guarantee the scientific knowledge to obtain the correct application on its own initiative.

Making the result of Science Technology be rationaliza-tion

The basic problem of Science Technology moral is the moral problem in Science Technology research and utilization， that is the problem if the progress brought by Sciehce Technol-ogy is useful or usefulness. In order to realize basic goal for person' s survival，the development and the society progresses， we have to avoid， overcome and reduce latent negative influence caused by unreasonable technical result as far as possible. Dif-ferent time， different nationalities， different countries have dif- ferent ethics standards. But no matter how different they are， they can not be above the basic stand.ard of being harmful or useful to human society. In China today， it has the foresight orig-inality for us to deal with this issue in the high beginning.

The stem situation forces us to accelerate the Science Technology research and the utilization， speed up the technical achievement and transformation. But at the same time， we have to notice that Science Technology moral is changeable with the social development. We will welcome the spring brought by Sci- ence Technology when the power of Science Technology can overcome the negative influence to human society.