浮現在浩瀚煙波中的岱山島,是東海的一顆明珠,島上物產豐富,風光旖旎,一直受到人們的青睞。近年來,又由于這個島十分重視弘揚海洋文化,建立了一個個獨特的海洋博物館,因而更引起了國內外新聞媒體的關注。許多海內外媒體都將岱山的海洋博物館作為新聞中的一個亮點,中央電視臺、鳳凰衛視、人民日報、新華網、香港文匯報、香港大公報等對岱山海洋博物館的報道總量已達數百篇之多,其中浙江衛視在“浙江告訴你”海外欄目,以“感受海洋博物館”為主題,對岱山海洋文化進行深度報道,鳳凰衛視北美臺、鳳凰衛視歐洲臺、澳大利亞悉尼中文臺、新西蘭金水滴電視臺、法國5臺、美國斯克拉衛星電視網、加拿大城市電視臺等七家海外電視機構也在黃金時段播出有關浙江岱山海洋博物館的節目,引起轟動。
岱山已經建成和正在籌建的博物館已達10座之多,且創意獨到,填補了中國博物館文化的系列空白。

中國臺風博物館
中國臺風博物館坐落在岱山燕窩景區拷門大壩北端,是一座海船形的白色建筑。進了大門,便見7個名叫沙漏、尖頂草帽、圓球、T字形、筐子、正方體、十字架的竹編器具掛在竹竿上,這是“暴風警報風球”。大廳里巨大的臺風衛星云圖中,可見黑洞似的臺風眼,在觀臺廳則可見玻璃外面大海的驚濤駭浪。這座博物館除了已陳列的650余幅圖片資料和57件實物外,還配置了一套先進的全自動海洋環境遠程觀測傳輸系統,為全省有效指揮防臺抗臺工作提供可靠數據。
眼下臺風博物館二期4D動感影院項目已初具規模,它將整合各種高科技手段,藝術化地打造4D動感影院和仿真模擬系統,以參與性、互動性手法,讓游客身臨其境地感受、體驗臺風的兇、險、奇,同時推出觀浪游項目。
在臺風博物館的基礎上,這座館還將建造一個總面積達3000畝、以“臺風”為核心的風文化樂園,凸現風科學、風文化、風娛樂、風景觀,形成風休閑,發展風經濟。規劃經過3年至5年,初步建成國內一流、國際領先的災難體驗性海洋文化休閑旅游勝地,這也是岱山縣開全國災難旅游之先河的一個創舉。
中國海洋漁業博物館
中國海洋漁業博物館由一座四合院民居古宅按照原貌修繕而成,占地1200平方米,展廳面積900平方米。館內設漁史室、船模室、網具室、魚類標本室及漁俗風情室等,融歷史、漁業、文化、旅游于一體,充分展示了岱山漁民原汁原味的漁文化風貌。
這家博物館展廳的陳列突出以海洋捕撈為主題,展示了舟山海洋漁業百余年來發展史,它運用海洋生物剝制標本,陳列了大型生物骼骨、魚類浸制標本以及各種類貝、藻類等海洋生物,編織出五彩繽紛的海洋世界;運用船具、船模、漁網等實物,展示舟山海洋漁業史及近代漁業捕撈知識;此外,還陳列漁行的水票、賬簿、木秤等工具及漁商、漁民生活用品等,讓觀眾充分了解漁民生活的變化。在魚類標本室陳列的一條長達5.3米的須鯨下頜骨,可以推測這條須鯨體長達25米以上;還有一條長3米、寬0.29米的帶魚標本,也是令人稱奇;貝殼室是個五光十色的世界:形態奇特、色彩艷麗的世界四大名螺唐冠螺、萬寶螺、大法螺、鸚鵡螺齊集于一室,那長達96厘米的蛇螺和巨大的硨磲,讓人目不暇接,嘖嘖稱奇!
中國島礁博物館
岱山共有404個島嶼和126個海礁,是全國島礁最多、最集中的海島縣。為了保護無居民海島及其海洋生態系統,重點保護原生態島礁、經濟價值較大的海洋漁業資源、海灘巖、野生河麂、野生柃木、自然景觀與歷史遺跡等,岱山縣啟動了東部島礁海洋特別保護區建設工程,其中就包括建設“中國島礁博物館”。
東部島礁海洋特別保護區總面積為420平方公里,在這個保護區內,共有面積大于500平方米的大小島嶼134個、海礁69個。根據規劃布局,岱山東部島礁海洋特別保護區分為10個功能區,除了“中國島礁博物館”外,還有“海洋生態及島礁資源保護區”、“岱衢洋漁業資源增殖保護區”、“小沙河海灘巖自然保護區”、“珍稀與瀕危動物保護區”、“大長涂海洋生態漁業開發區”、“海島生態旅游景觀區”、“海上休閑漁業區”、“漁業生產基地功能區”、“海島生態農牧基地功能區”。
中國島礁博物館的建設理念、經營特色與岱山縣其他已建或規劃建設的海洋博物館不同,它將整個海洋特別保護區廣闊海域作為中國島礁博物館的天然舞臺,建成一個開放式的露天式的島礁自然博物館。博物館利用岱山東部島礁區內類型各異的海島、海礁以及豐富多彩的海島海洋資源進行適當分類和整合,開發游艇觀光、海上垂釣、荒島探險、海上娛樂等項目,將海上觀光、海島保護與海洋科普有機結合起來,獲得了良好的社會效益、生態效益和經濟效益。
中國鹽業博物館
去年7月開館的中國鹽業博物館,坐落在岱山縣岱西萬畝鹽場上。它以鹽田為依托,以“貢鹽”之鄉為文化背景,將鹽業博物館的外形建得像鹽的結晶狀似的。在博物館前,立著宋代著名詞人柳永的塑像,因為他在當時曾寫了一首著名的《煮海歌》:“煮漁之民何所營,婦無蠶織夫無耕,衣食之源太寥落,牢盆煮就汝輸征……”。展廳里陳列著從“煎煮”、“板曬”、“灘曬”工藝演變過程中的各種鹽業工具和圖片、實物,并展示鹽史中最有代表性的快速制鹽場景,以讓參觀者能自己操作、親身經歷曬鹽的全過程。
這里還可以觀看用鹽雕琢成的活潑可愛的各種動物、各種童話人物和卡通人物以及傳統的十二生肖等,神態逼真,惟妙惟肖。觀眾經過仔細打聽,才知道鹽雕作品是用機器將鹽壓縮切塊后再進行加工制作的,它在密封干燥的環境中能保持很長時間。
中國燈塔博物館
舟山群島海域燈塔薈萃,燈塔總數達10余座,光是岱山境內就有3座,為挖掘和發揚燈塔文化資源,岱山縣在博物館系列工程中推出了燈塔博物館建設項目。
瀕海而建的中國燈塔博物館位于岱山縣城竹嶼新區,這是迄今為止國內第一個以燈塔為主題的旅游景區。館內燈塔以世界著名古燈塔為依據,仿建了法國的阿姆德燈塔、德國的佩爾沃姆燈塔、加拿大的卡夫燈塔、挪威的考弗特斯燈塔、南非的羅本燈塔及烏拉圭的克羅尼爾燈塔、美國的波特蘭燈塔等,在面積為600平方米的陳列展館內,還陳列了近300件講解圖板,游客可以在這里了解燈塔的演變發展史,閱讀一座座著名燈塔的軼聞趣事。

整個燈塔博物館計劃分三期建設,總占地面積達3.8平方公里,這個館竣工后將建成28座世界著名燈塔,并在館區配套酒吧、賓館、餐飲等服務娛樂設施,以打造國內一流的燈塔文化觀光度假勝地。
中國海防博物館
海防博物館位于岱山本島黃嘴頭東南面沿海地帶,這里地勢險峻,依山沿海而建的海防博物館,掩映在茂密的叢林中。博物館面積為46280平方米,整個館區建有中心展覽區、邊緣展覽區、隧道展覽區、休閑旅游區等四大區域。
中心展覽區主館主要通過600余幅圖片和一些模型,展示近代、現代我國的海防史,特別是舟山的海防歷史。在這里你不僅可以了解到海防知識,還可以看到鄭成功的戰船、參加甲午戰爭的定遠艦、致遠艦以及中山艦、重慶艦等近代海防史上的著名軍艦模型,可以親手觸摸來自這些戰艦上的古老天文鐘、船燈、船鐘等25件實物。
邊緣展覽區展出的是一架殲五戰斗機、高炮和高射機槍等一些重型武器;隧道展覽區展出的是航空母艦、驅逐艦、巡洋艦、護衛艦、登陸艇、潛水艇等24艘中外著名戰艦的模型;休閑旅游區配備了嘹望哨、坑道探險區和戰地野餐區等項目設施。
博物館所在地的黃嘴頭,歷來為我國東部沿海地區重要的海防關口,曾經駐守過的軍隊在此留下了營房、戰壕、坑道、碉堡、彈藥庫等。海防博物館就是利用這些原有的兵營建筑重新修擴建成。根據規劃,二期工程將開發多種參與模擬性項目,在軍艦上將設置虛擬射擊場以及搶灘登陸戰等項目;在室外開辟搶占島嶼、叢林野戰營等項目;在隧道展覽區開發隧洞戰等。全部建成后的海防博物館將是一座集軍事、歷史、文化、游樂為一體的多元化現代文化場所,也是一座具有愛國主義教育和國防教育功能的場所。
Daishan:
Island of Museums
By Zhao Hongze
Daishan, known as a bright pearl in the East China Sea for its picturesque scenery and rich resources, now has turned itself into a dreamland of museums over the past few years while reorienting itself for further cultural progress. News media both at home and overseas have covered the museums in Daishan. At present, the island county has altogether 10 museums either completed or on the drawing board. The following is a brief introduction to some of the museums.

The China Typhoon Museum
Located at the north end of the Kaomen Dam, the white building resembles an ocean-going ship. The museum has 650 pictures and 57 exhibits on display, including large-sized satellite images of clouds from which visitors can see the black eye of a typhoon. The museum is equipped with an automatic system for supervising the ocean weather changes and transmitting data to the provincial anti-typhoon headquarters. An observation platform allows visitors to see, through the ceiling-floor glass, a panoramic view of the surging sea outside. A 4D cinema, now under construction at the museum, will provide visitors with a highly stimulating experience of a typhoon. The museum also plans to expand itself into a typhoon resort where audience can peep into modern science, enjoy leisure, and witness the nature’s elements at their full play at the closest possible hand.
The China Marine Fishing Museum
The museum sits in a refurbished residential courtyard house whose floor area measures 1,200 square meters. The 900-square-meter exhibition area is divided into specific sections showcasing the fishing history, boat models, fishing nets and tools, fish specimens, and fishermen’s lifestyle, etc.
The specimen section is probably the most eye-catching. A jawbone of a whalebone wale measures 5.3 meters in length. The real wale can be longer than 25 meters. A belt fish specimen measures 3 meters in length and 0.29 meter in width. The section that displays conchs and shells is a world of garish colors, where you can see the Horned Helmet, the Bull’s-mouth Helmet, the Trumpet Triton and the Chambered Nautilus, the world’s best known four major conchs. You wouldn誸 be disappointed if you wish to find out what business tools the fish wholesalers used in the good old times.
The China Islands Reefs Museum
Daishan boasts altogether 404 islands and 126 reefs. To protect the ocean ecology, maintain the original islands and reefs, and safeguard precious resources such as fishery resources, beaches and rocks, Chinese river-deer, common eurya (a kind of rare bush) and historical relics, the local government has started a special island and reef reserve project. The museum is part of the ambitious project. Unlike other museums in Daishan, this museum is not a concrete architectural structure. The ocean is its stage. The museum organizes tours to islands and reefs for visitors to do sightseeing, fishing, taking adventurous trips onto primitive islands as well as other alternative leisure activities.
The China Salt Museum
Open to the general public since July, 2005, the museum is located in a 666-hectare salt field in the western part of Daishan, where salt as a tribute for the royal family was produced in the feudal times. The museum looks like a saline crystalline structure. In front of the museum stands a statue of Liu Yong, a poet of the Song Dynasty who famously described the salt-making process in a poem. In addition to pictures and material objects such as tools and other exhibits, the exhibition halls display the complete process of salt making.Visitors can have a hands-on experience of making salt through a modernized fast salt making process.
Also on display are salt sculptures in zoomorphic animal shapes, fairytale figures, cartoons, and the twelve animals used to calculate ages by Chinese people. The sculptures are all carved on salt blocks which are pressed tight by a machine before artists can sculpt.These sculptures can be kept for a long time under a dry and airproof circumstance.
The China Museum of Lighthouses
Zhoushan Archipelago has more than 10 lighthouses and three are located in Daishan. Situated near the county capital, the museum is the country’s very first one with lighthouses as its theme. In the museum are duplications of the world’s best known lighthouses. Inside the exhibition hall are nearly 300 pictures that showcase lighthouses across the world’s oceans. Visitors can learn the evolution and anecdotes about lighthouses.
With its completion after three phases, the 3.8-square-kilometer museum will have 28 world-famous lighthouses accompanied by a fleet of service facilities. The county aims to turn the museum into a first class leisure resort.
The China Coast Defense Museum
Against the hills and facing the sea, the museum is located at the southeastern part of Daishan Island where you can see a precipitous terrain covered by thick woods. The 46,280-square-meter museum, previously a military barracks, is divided into four major sections: the central and the peripheral exhibition sections, the tunnels section, and the leisure area. The central exhibition section shows over 600 pictures and ship models which relate the country’s modern history of coast defense. In the peripheral exhibition are real material objects such as a jet fighter and antiaircraft artilleries as well as a variety of navy ship models. In the leisure area tourists can explore tunnels and look out on the sea from an observation post, all left over from the past of the military barracks. Museum developers plan to build facilities so as to provide tourists with simulation battle games such as landing from the sea and setting up a beachhead, and battling in jungles.
(Translated by David)