擁抱“地球獎”的周兆木

今年4月22日世界地球日，國家環保總局在北京人民大會堂隆重舉行“地球獎”頒獎儀式，這是國內第一個環境大獎，專門獎勵在環境保護領域做出突出貢獻的人。心情激動的周兆木從國家環保總局副局長潘岳手中接過一個沉甸甸的獎杯。

周兆木所以能獲“地球獎”，這得從頭談起：

江水怎樣變清

浙江省富陽市環保局實施和推行的排污收費“三串連收費法”和“公眾有獎舉報活動”，這在全國環保界是上了榜的。前者在全國會議上作過介紹，后者由中央電視臺與許多媒體專門上富陽拍片采訪過。而這兩項工作的挑大梁者就是周兆木。

周兆木出身農村，中學畢業后參軍，在部隊一干18年。他曾轉戰三個軍區，執行過援外任務，先后到過老撾等東南亞國家。其間他5次榮立三等功，被部隊評為先進積極分子。1986年轉業以后被調入剛剛成立的環保局，不久又被分配籌建“排污收費管理站”。

收費站籌建完成，掛起了排污收費管理站的牌子，但排污費卻收不上來，周兆木幾經思考，認為收不上費只是個現象，從根本上說這還是對環境保護的認識問題，對排污收費只有從認識上提高了，從制度上有了保證，這項工作才能順利開展。于是周兆木一再向上級建議，應將排污費的收交與企業的污染治理、項目審批、政策傾斜這三者結合起來。上級采用了這個合理建議，新的收費方法一經頒布，不但排污費收交節節攀升，企業的環保面貌也大為改觀。僅1999年至2001年這三年，富陽的排污收費就達4060萬元，后來又將其中80%的3200萬元返還企業，使富陽全市完成了100多個治污項目的建設。

2001年，富陽市大膽出臺了“依靠群眾抓舉報”的舉措，規定誰發現了偷排、漏排、直接污染環境的行為向政府舉報就有獎，獎金不菲，當即兌現。這個舉報辦法公布后，周兆木便組織了24小時輪流值班制度，一旦接到舉報，無論是刮風下雨或者道路遙遠，全都放下電話就出發、調查、采樣、取證、筆錄，一絲也不疏忽。富陽的公眾有獎舉報活動開了全國的先河，6年來光是受理群眾舉報就達3782起，舉報企業4050家（次），查實違法企業1299家（次），兌現舉報獎金250萬元，這些數字里無不留下了周兆木和同事們勤勉認真的印記。這樣一來，企業治污設施運轉率達到95%，老百姓夸獎富陽的排污工作，他們說：“一搞有獎舉報，富陽的江水都變清了。”

廠長終于露面

1996年開始，周兆木擔任富陽市環保局副局長，分管環境管理和環境監理。

富陽市提出“既要金山銀山，更要綠水青山”的口號，這讓周兆木更受鼓舞。他不管嚴寒酷暑，不到一年跑遍了全市的角角落落，有的企業甚至一年當中就去了五六次，并對那種排污嚴重的企業采取強制手段，限期關停。

龍羊山區是富陽有名的偏遠山區，但有一家生產衛生紙的造紙廠在這深山中。由于這個廠的污水排放，污染當地的水源，群眾意見很大。周兆木對此很焦急，一連在山上顛簸了六趟，還是找不到廠長。有人笑著對周兆木說，民間的規矩是“事不過三”，你們已經來了六趟，心也算盡到了，過段時間再說吧。周兆木笑了，說：“如果有這規矩，那它也得依著環保改。”老周的執著，終于感動了這位造紙廠的廠長，廠長終于露面了。周兆木與廠長長談，講道理，提措施，終于說服了他，污水得到了治理。

受降鎮一帶曾是石棉瓦生產的集中地。廢料在公路兩側堆積，不但影響環境，還影響了交通。一次集中行動中，周兆木要求戶主將廢料搬走，有的戶主不但不搬，還動手打了周兆木。直到戶主最后自己認錯，把廢料搬走，周兆木這才放了心。事后，周兆木才得知原來這戶主是他的遠房親戚，這時有人說了：“周局長，老規矩是親幫親友幫友，我想問你，如果事先曉得他是你的親戚，你會不會這樣堅持？”周兆木說：“曉得是親戚，我態度還要堅決干脆，親戚不支持我的工作，讓誰來支持呢？”

聞臭直奔現場

周兆木的心總與老百姓的心連在一起，只要一聽到環保影響到群眾的事，他不管在哪里、在做什么，都會像箭一樣沖出去。1999年夏天的一個傍晚，他正準備休息，忽聽路人反映桂花西路空氣難聞。他心里咯噔一下，立即意識到可能那里的化工廠出了問題，于是馬上叫上局里的技術人員趕過去，周兆木也大汗淋漓地一路尋找到黃涼亭附近，才發現這里有家化工廠正在開機生產一種叫“溴化鈉”的產品。周兆木一檢查，是閥門的墊片壞了，造成泄漏，他馬上命令停電關閘。因為處理及時，避免了一次安全重大事故。2001年初正是一年中最冷的季節，深夜12點，公安指揮中心通知春秋北路有一堆乳白色的物體正在散發一股異味，擾得附近的居民無法入睡。周兆木聽到這個消息，馬上起身同局舉報中心的人員一道趕赴現場。原來這是一堆半液體狀的化工殘渣，足有幾百公斤重，氣味直刺鼻子！怎么處理？挪遠一些在附近草地掩埋，這不是徹底的辦法，周兆木說我們辛苦一點，把它直接弄到郊外的垃圾掩埋場去吧。于是敲門借來鐵鍬籮筐，三個人經過努力，終于埋好了這堆化工殘渣。凌晨2點鐘回到家，周兆木身上的臭氣把睡著的妻子熏醒了，妻子問：“什么東西那么臭啊？”周兆木說：“是我身上的……”后來這臭味足足在家里停留了一個星期。他對家人說：“真是對不起，不過要是我們不臭，春秋北路整條街都要臭了！”一句話，說得全家笑了起來。關于除臭事他確實經歷得多了，還是那一年，因為湘溪污染，河水散發著臭氣，老百姓連淘米洗菜都發生了問題。連續一個月周兆木帶領隊伍四處尋找排污口，不想一腳滑倒從坎上滾到了污水中，洗了一個污水澡。不過這一滑污水口卻找到了，周兆木非常開心。不久之后他看到夕陽西下的溪水邊，那孩子嬉水、媽媽洗菜的情景，周兆木不禁喜上眉梢。

周兆木進入富陽環保系統19年來，無論是當站長、副局長，還是現在退下來當調研員，為了環保宣傳他從未放下過手里的筆。這些年他先后在有關人員配合下，制作環保宣傳圖板200余塊，環保宣傳小冊子1000余冊，摘錄編輯宣傳資料5000余份，并利用業余時間積極為報刊撰寫調研報告和新聞報道1000多篇。在富陽，如果要找環保方面的資料馬上會有人告訴你說：“找周兆木呀，環保局的周兆木，他是環保方面的百科全書！”

Veteran Environmentalist Wins 2006 Earth Award

By Yang Chengyao

The World Environmental Day on June 5th， 2006 witnessed the State Environmental Protection Administration issue the Earth Award at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing. Zhou Zhaomu from Fuyang in eastern China's coastal Zhejiang Province accepted the trophy from Pan Yue， deputy director of the SEPA.

Zhou Zhaomu now is a researcher of the Fuyang Environmental Protection Administration after 19-year active participation in local environmental protection projects.He began to work for the administration in 1986 shortly after his 18 years service in the army had come to an end.

Fuyang is well known in the nation's environmental protection circle for adopting two pioneering effective measures. One is an effective solution to the problem of collecting sewage charge and the other is a public report and reward system.

Shortly after his discharge from the army， Zhou worked at the sewage charge collection office under the Fuyang Environmental Protection Administration. He found it hard to collect the fee from factories that emitted effluents. To solve the dilemma， Zhou suggested that the collection be linked with enterprises?anti-pollution measurements， government approval and preferential policy. The suggestion was adopted. The businesses began to pay the fee and adopt measures to cut down pollution. From 1999 to 2001， 40.6 million yuan was collected and environment was greatly improved. Later， 32 million was refunded to enterprises for implementing more than 100 anti-pollution projects.

In 2001， the city adopted another bold policy: the public report and reward system. Zhou organized a 24/7 system to answer tip-off calls. Since the adoption of the policy， the administration has received 3，782 telephone reports， investigated the 4，050 enterprises involved， punished enterprises for 1，299 illegal effluent discharges， and issued rewards to responsible residents in the amount of 2.5 million yuan. These measures have effectively minimized the pollution discharge.

Zhou Zhaomu is more than good at formulating and implementing anti-pollution measures. He is a practical go-go doer. In 1996， he was promoted to be deputy director of the Fuyang Environmental Protection Administration and was put in charge of environment supervision and management. He visited every corner of the city and shut down some enterprises that were not up to the anti-pollution standards.

A toilet tissue plant located in deep mountains discharged a large quantity of effluents into the local water sources. Zhou visited the facility six times before the director agreed to see him. After a persuasive face-to-face talk， the director consented to adopt measures to minimize pollutant discharges.

A great number of asbestos shingle manufacturers have their production facilities around Shouxiang Town. In the earlier days， the manufacturers directly dumped waste materials onto roadsides， which not only polluted the environment but also blocked traffic to varying degrees. The administration finally clamped down on the dumping and violating manufacturers were asked to remove the dumped wastes. One manufacturer refused to comply， and the angry director even attacked Zhou physically. Zhou did not budge an inch. The director finally apologized and had the wastes removed.

One summer night in 1999， Zhou received an emergency call that a pungent odor was emitting somewhere on Osmanthus West Street in the city. Zhou immediately realized that something was wrong with a chemical plant nearby. He called up an environmental protection technician and they rushed to the scene. It was found that the factory was producing sodium bromide and a faulty gasket in a valve gave rise to the leak. He instantly ordered the factory to shut down the production and a dangerous accident was killed off in time.

One winter night in 2001， he received an emergency call from police that a heap of whitish substance emitting a terrible smell was found in a city street and residents nearby were complaining. He rushed to the spot with two staff members on duty at the emergency center. It turned out that the dumped substance was chemical waste and it weighed several hundred kilograms. The first idea was to bury the waste material on the spot， but it could lead to trouble later. So Zhou and his colleagues decided to move the chemical waste directly to the landfill site in the suburb. The three labored two hours and cleaned the pollution. When Zhou finally came back home， his wife was awakened by the stench reeking from Zhou. The disgusting odor clung to the house for a week before vanishing totally.

(Translated by David)