漁民畫展示漁鄉風情

翻開《岱山漁民畫》，海鄉漁村風情頓時撲入眼簾，海風濤聲回旋耳畔，心靈很快被繽紛的畫面、瑰奇的想象、強烈的色彩吸引住了，仿佛走進了神秘莫測、怪誕夸張而又真實存在的海洋世界。一幅幅漁民畫向你訴說著岱山古老的過去、捕魚的歡快、海邊的風俗、漁家的禮儀、童年的記憶、漁民的性格、海底的世界和那美好的追求……，它挾帶著大海的磅礴氣勢，閃爍著漁民生命的律動，傳承著岱山的歷史脈絡，演繹著漁人的情感世界。

漁民畫家都是漁家兒女、大海子孫，浩瀚大海賦予他們粗獷性格、豪邁情懷；漁家生活給了他們漁人情感、鮮明個性，他們植根于海島地域文化，吸吮了現代繪畫語言中的營養，展開“大海性格”和“漁人情感”孕育出來的想象翅膀，于是創造出具有特殊表現力和強烈吸引力的海上奇葩——漁民畫。

走進美麗的蓬萊仙島岱山，你就可以看到這些可愛的海洋文化守望者。

在岱山島與島之間來回穿梭的渡輪上，有一個個子高大的船老大，海風染黑了他的臉龐，雙目閃爍著聰慧之光，他叫蔡成世，是岱山漁民畫家隊伍中的佼佼者。說起畫畫，他說那還得追溯到1983年：當年17歲開始捕魚的蔡成世，從漁船下來碰到一個舉止文靜的戴眼鏡者，他說他是縣文化館來的，想來漁村了解有沒有喜歡畫畫的人。蔡成世忙問：“喜歡又怎么樣？”那人說：“就來參加縣文化館舉辦的繪畫培訓班。”于是蔡成世便與另一個伙伴一起去參加縣里的培訓班。兩個月的培訓，倒真把畫畫的興趣培養起來了。他看到村里老人過生日，子女按漁家風俗向老人祝壽，就畫了一幅《祝壽》的漁民畫。不想一炮打響，《祝壽》參加全省畫展獲得一等獎，后來又去北京展出被外賓看中，買去收藏了。熟悉什么就畫什么，他經常看到漁船在修理：藍色的海水、高高翹起的船頭，修理工駕著彎彎的小船在搶修，色彩是那么鮮艷，視覺沖擊力是那么強烈，于是他畫了一幅《搶修》。蔡成世曾經駕著漁船捕到過幾千斤重的鯊魚，這一令人激奮的經歷，觸發了他的創作靈感，經過他瑰麗的想象，他把網捕鯊魚的畫面改成了吊鉤釣起了大鯊魚。《大鯊魚》在中國第七屆藝術節上獲得佳評，蔡成世被評為“中國現代民間繪畫優秀畫家”，此畫并被浙江省美術館收藏。蔡成世的畫技越來越成熟，構圖越來越巧妙，獲獎也越來越多。他畫的《目魚戲鯊》在全國農民畫展中獲獎，《搖大楫》《連年有余》等亦都頻頻獲獎。眼下蔡成世仍然開著渡輪，但熱愛漁民畫。經過潛移默化，如今他的兒子也跟著學畫。

女漁民畫家趙明珠是岱山小學的美術老師，經常帶小學生去海濱、漁港寫生。她是大海的女兒，有段時間她住在外婆家，一開門就看見浩瀚的大海，于是她常常和其他女孩一起在海邊玩耍、到海里釣蟹。蟹籠全由自己動手做，將蟹籠綁上石頭，沉到海里，十多分鐘之后撈起蟹籠，里面總會有蟹鉆進來，多則十幾只，少的也有四五只。大海向她提供了畫不完的素材，趙明珠的漁民畫《扎蟹籠》就是描寫兒時愉快的海濱生活。趙明珠善于感悟生活，她感到漁家女有代代相傳的勤勞，有海島生活的艱辛，有離不開魚的生存狀態，于是就想畫一幅別具一格的漁家女。醞釀良久，靈感的火花終于突然爆發，她趕忙在燈下展紙揮筆，借助豐富的想象，運用抽象的畫法，畫就了一幅《漁家女》：畫中她將魚與人結合在一起，漁家女飄飛的長發像是大海的波紋，兩條手臂就是兩條魚，胸前左右兩側是兩條圓形的魚，衣裙也是由魚編織而成的，周圍亦都是各式各樣的魚，這位漁家女真是不同一般的美人魚！

《漁家女》和另一幅《曬蝦有伴》都獲得省“新作獎”。曬蝦是海島上常見的勞動鏡頭，趙明珠幾經構思，采取俯視的角度將三個曬蝦人與裝滿紅紅蝦干的圓形竹簟構成一個美麗的圖案。趙明珠不僅自己畫作迭出，還培養出二三百名畫漁民畫學生。

岱山漁民畫在表現手法上突破了舊的傳統創作模式，繪畫形式、尺幅、取材適合海島環境特點，體現了漁民性格趣味。王曉安的漁民畫利用海島比比皆是的細沙，將它調上顏料便作為繪畫材料，因而他所創作的漁民畫有浮雕感，沖擊力強，這不失為繪畫形式上的突破和創作模式上的創新。王曉安對于島上的漁俗、船俗和潮俗都了然于胸：如漁船船頭兩側裝有一對眼睛那是表明航向；漁民下海要放兩個炮仗，這是預祝大吉大利；新船下水要放兩次鞭炮，每次放六個，表示六六順風……，由于對漁民生活的熟悉，使王曉安的漁民畫富有民俗氛圍和生活氣息。他畫的《橫街魚市》中有抬魚的、稱魚的、買魚的、賣魚的、吃魚的、曬魚干的，這真是一幅熱氣騰騰的漁島生活圖景！《船倌老爺請客》中的船倌，戴著船頭面具，祈求四季興旺，這是一幅活脫脫的漁民風俗畫。他那獨具一格的沙畫，構圖精巧，設色鮮艷，極有質感，得到了很高評價。

岱山漁民畫家隊伍涌現出的戎建軍、孫秋燕、周瓊、趙鵬菲等，也一個個成績斐然，畫藝不俗，令人刮目相看。

岱山縣早在1983年就被文化部命名為“中國現代民間繪畫之鄉”，漁民畫早就盛名于全國。由于岱山漁民畫頻頻在國內外展出和獲獎，至今已有100多幅畫作在澳大利亞、日本、德國、瑞典、挪威、西班牙、比利時和美國等展出，有些作品還被中國美術館收藏，并編入《中國當代美術全集》、《中國民間繪畫全集》和《中國現代民間繪畫》。

Fishermen Paint Their Lives

By Zhao Zheng， our staff reporter

People in Daishan of Zhoushan Archipelago in East China Sea traditionally live on the sea. The local folk artists find passion in creating paintings that recapture the charm of the sea and their lives.

Cai Chengshi， an experienced skipper， stands out as a folk painter. His amateur artist career dates back to 1983 when he was 17 years old and just started working as a fisherman that year. One day， he came back from the sea and met a quiet man wearing glasses at the port. The man was an art director from the county’s cultural center and asked if there was anyone in the village who might take interest in painting. Cai was curious and wanted to know more. One thing led to another and Cai took part in a training class at the county capital for two months.

It turned out that Cai has a sharp eye and genius for art. His very first creation Birthday depicted a birthday celebration for an old man in the village. The painting was awarded the top prize at a provincial art show and it was bought by a foreigner when it was on show in Beijing. Later he created many other paintings that depicted the fishermen’s lives and won many accolades. Nowadays， Cai works on a ferry and his son has begun to learn to paint.

Zhao Mingzhu is an eminent female folk artist. A teacher of art at a local primary school in Daishan， she often takes her pupils to sketch outdoors. She used to live with her grandmother on a fishing village and played with other girls. One thing they did together was to make crab cages and sink them into the sea to catch crabs. As an artist， the young teacher recreated the scene of her childhood years in a painting. Her paintings Fisherman’s Daughter and Drying Shrimps in the Sun won new artists’ awards in the province. So far， Zhao has taught 200 fishermen how to paint.

Wang Xiao’an is another outstanding fisherman artist. He is different because he uses the fine sand available everywhere on the island and mixes it with pigment as a painting material. As the result， his paintings show a relief effect in bright colors.

The three artists are just part of a large group of folk artists who paint in their spare time. As a whole team， their collective achievement has become a cultural and art phenomenon. As early as 1983， Daishan was named by the Ministry of Culture as a home of China’s modern folk artistsOacute;. More than 100 of their artworks have been exhibited in foreign countries and some are in the collection of the China Art Museum.

(Translated by David)