中圖分類號:TS201.3 文獻標志碼:A 文章編號:1008-1038(2025)06-0012-08
DOI: 10.19590/j.cnki.1008-1038.2025.06.003
Investigating Texture Changes of Fruits and Vegetables Before and After Freeze-Drying Using TPA and Sensory Evaluation Methods
WANG Yan, YANG Li*, LIU Xinqi, MA Yinan, ZHANG Huaqi, LUO Xiaokang (School of Chemical Engineering,Yunnan Vocational and Technical College of Transportation, Kunming 650500, China)
Abstract: This study investigated the texture changes offresh and freeze-dried fruitsandvegetables using TPA method and traditional sensory evaluation,and explored thefeasibilityof using TPAasan instrumental alternative to sensory evaluation.The study includedseven fruits(pineapple,dragon fruit,kiwifruit,lemon, apple,honey peach,and banana) and three vegetables(carrot,cucumber,and okra).The results indicated that the hardness of most freeze -dried fruits and vegetables(such aspineapples and peaches) increased significantly,while thatof a few freeze-dried vegetables(such as carrots and okra) decreased.The changing trends of cohesiveness,elasticity,and chewiness vary,showed diferences.In the fresh state,there wasa significant correlation between the elasticity and chewiness of apples,pineapples,peaches,and bananas. However,this correlationweakened after freeze-drying.For kiwifruitsand okra,there was still a significant positive correlationbetween elasticityand chewiness after freeze $$ drying,which maightbe related to waterloss during the freeze -drying process. The TPA measurement results were highly consistent with the sensory evaluation.Parameters such as hardness,elasticity,and chewiness could effctively quantify the texture changes of freeze-dried fruits and vegetables.
Keywords: Fruits and vegetables; traditional sensory evaluation; TPA; freeze-drying
冷凍干燥技術(簡稱\"凍干\"是一種通過低溫升華去除水分的干燥方法,能較好地保留果蔬的風味和營養成分,逐漸成為一種廣泛應用的干燥手段-2。凍干過程中果蔬的質地變化是評價其品質的關鍵指標之一。凍干過程中,水分去除會對果蔬的細胞結構產生影響,導致細胞間隙增大,質地變脆或變硬。
為確保凍干后果蔬的口感和營養成分,采用科學的質地分析方法至關重要3-8。感官評價法通過人的感官體驗評價食品的口感與質地,操作相對直觀,但結果常受個體差異和主觀因素的影響,難以標準化和量化。近年來,質構儀作為精準檢測工具,多用于食品質地測定,尤其果蔬產品加工領域。其通過機械傳感器精確測量物理特性,提供更客觀與定量的數據。TPA法作為一種常見的質構儀測試方法,能夠模擬人類咀嚼動作,通過測定硬度、彈性、黏性等指標,為果蔬的質地分析提供科學依據。研究表明,質構儀TPA法與感官評價法在果蔬硬度與口感測量上具有較好的相關性。但也有研究指出,質構儀測量結果可能無法完全反映人類感官體驗,因為它側重物理力學特性,感官評價法依賴于人的感知。本研究旨在通過質構儀TPA法測定凍干前后果蔬的質地參數,并與傳統的感官評價法進行對比,分析數據相關性,以期為果蔬凍干過程中的果實質地變化檢測提供理論依據。
1材料與方法
1.1 材料與儀器
試驗中的果蔬均購于昆明市某超市,水果有蘋果、菠蘿、弼猴桃、水蜜桃、香蕉、火龍果、檸檬共7種,蔬菜有胡蘿卜、黃瓜、秋葵3種。……