不同草莓品種在山東棗莊地區(qū)綜合表現(xiàn)差異分析

中圖分類號：S641 文獻標志碼：A 文章編號：1008-1038（2025）06-0079-08

DOI： 10.19590/j.cnki.1008-1038.2025.06.014

Analysis of Comprehensive Performance Difference ofDifferent Strawberry Varieties in Zaozhuang Area

CHENQiangl，WANG Fangl， MA Qingqing2， CHU Hongsheng3， CHENG Shuyun2， CHEN Tengtai2， KONG Lingqiangl*， SUN Yanlin1 （1.Tengzhou Agricultural Technology Extension Center，Tengzhou 2775O，China; 2.Tengzhou Rural Economic Affairs Center， Tengzhou 2775O0， China; 3. Tengzhou Agricultural Administrative Comprehensive Law Enforcement Team， Tengzhou 277500，China）

Abstract： To screen out superior strawberry varieties that were suitable for the high-rack substrate cultivation systemin Zaozhuangareaand met therequirementsof sightseeingandpicking，thisstudy took12 strawberry varietiesasmaterialsandadopted acompletelyrandomized block design to systematically evaluate the differencesamong varieties in biological characteristics，fruit quality，disease resistance，and yield traits.The results showed that‘Red Aroma’‘Kanoko’‘Snow Fragrance’，and‘Akihime’had significant comprehensive advantages.Their plant growth vigor，inflorescence length，and yield stability were outstanding.Among them， the soluble solids content of the third inflorescence of‘Kanoko’reached （11.2±1.45）% .‘Dream of Lotus’ ‘Rui Xue’‘Dream of Crystal’formed a multi-color combination，and the diversity of fruit color met the requirements of sightseeing and picking. In the solar greenhouses in Zaozhuang area，the“ 4+3^′′ variety configuration mode （4 core varieties accounting for 70% of the area，3 characteristic varieties accounting for （20 30% ） was adopted，and H-shaped three-dimensional racks were used.This ensured the early market entry and yieldof strawberres whilemeeting therequirements of sightseeing and picking forthe diversityof strawberry varieties and picking experience.

Keywords：Strawberry varieties；elevated substrate cultivation；diversity analysis； production performance evaluation

草莓（Fragaria × ananassa）是薔薇科草莓屬多年生的草本果樹，其漿果芳香多汁、營養(yǎng)豐富，被稱為“果中皇后”，備受栽培者和消費者青睞[-2。近年來，我國草莓種植面積和產(chǎn)量常年位列全球第一，國家統(tǒng)計局數(shù)據(jù)顯示，2022年全國草莓種植面積為221.18萬畝（1畝 ≈ 667m²） ，產(chǎn)量接近400萬t。我國已成為全球最大的草莓生產(chǎn)國]。

近年來，為適應觀光農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)升級對草莓果實商品性及采摘體驗的雙重需求，草莓高架基質(zhì)栽培技術體系被引入生產(chǎn)實踐。研究顯示，該模式依托立體栽培架構可降低 40%～60% 的人工管理成本，顯著提升勞動效率；通過基質(zhì)隔離栽培生產(chǎn)的果實表面潔凈度提升 85% 以上，農(nóng)殘檢出率低于傳統(tǒng)栽培模式100倍左右，同時成功規(guī)避連作障礙引發(fā)的土傳病害4。此外，其配套水肥精準調(diào)控系統(tǒng)可實現(xiàn)水分利用效率提高 35% ，肥料利用率提升 28%17% 。在此背景下，草莓觀光采摘業(yè)依托品種革新與高架基質(zhì)栽培模式的應用，形成了獨特的產(chǎn)業(yè)競爭力。開放式高架栽培技術不僅大幅提升空間利用率，更以直立采摘顯著優(yōu)化游客體驗；通過無公害標準化生產(chǎn)體系生產(chǎn)的果實，兼具高成熟度、色澤艷麗、香氣馥郁等感官優(yōu)勢，且糖酸比與果肉質(zhì)地精準契合鮮食需求；多品種搭配種植策略（如高甜型、香氣型、特色果形果色品種）與冬季溫室花果同期的景觀特性，構建起四季可采、五感皆悅的沉浸式體驗場景[8-2I。這些技術集成優(yōu)勢使得草莓觀光園逐漸成為都市家庭周末休閑與自然教育的熱門載體，相關實踐已獲多項實證研究支持[I3-I。……