摘 要:隨著人們生活水平的提高,對蔬菜的質量安全也提出了更高的要求。蔬菜農藥殘留問題已成為蔬菜產業中的重要議題,它不僅與消費者的身體健康息息相關,而且也影響到蔬菜產業的可持續發展進程。本文從農藥使用種類、用量及實際檢測結果等方面,對蔬菜農藥殘留現狀進行了深入剖析,并從源頭防控、生產過程管控、收獲后監管等環節提出全程防控策略,以降低蔬菜農藥殘留,切實保障蔬菜質量安全。
關鍵詞:蔬菜;農藥殘留;風險分析;全程防控
Abstract: With the improvement of people’s living standards, higher requirements have been put forward for the quality and safety of vegetables. The problem of pesticide residues in vegetables has become an important issue in the vegetable industry, which is not only closely related to the health of consumers, but also affects the sustainable development process of the vegetable industry. In this paper, the current situation of pesticide residues in vegetables was analyzed in depth from the aspects of pesticide use types, dosages and actual test results, and the whole process prevention and control strategies were put forward from the aspects of source prevention and control, production process control, and post-harvest supervision, so as to reduce vegetable pesticide residues and effectively ensure the quality and safety of vegetables.
蔬菜是人們日常生活中不可缺少的重要食物來源,其質量安全直接關系到公眾的身體健康。近年來,由于蔬菜農藥殘留超標造成的食品安全事件層出不窮,引起了社會各界的廣泛關注。農藥在蔬菜生產過程中具有防治病蟲害,提高產量的作用,但因其不合理使用導致的農藥殘留問題成為制約蔬菜產業發展的關鍵。因此,深入研究蔬菜農藥殘留風險,實施有效的全程防控措施,是十分必要和迫切的。
1 蔬菜農藥殘留現狀
1.1 農藥使用種類與用量
我國蔬菜生產中農藥使用情況具有復雜性,蔬菜種植過程中所涉及的農藥包括有機磷類、擬除蟲菊酯類、氨基甲酸酯類等殺蟲劑;三唑類、甲氧基丙烯酸酯類等殺菌劑;酰胺類、二硝基苯胺類等除草劑,類別極為繁雜。依據農業統計部門數據,山東、河南、河北等主要蔬菜產區每年的農藥施用總量超過10萬t。例如,山東壽光這一全國知名蔬菜種植基地,為有效防治如小菜蛾、蚜蟲等常見蔬菜害蟲,平均每畝地每年殺蟲劑使用量在3~5 kg。……