七選五考情分析及應(yīng)考策略

閱讀理解中的七選五考查考生的綜合閱讀能力，包括理解文章主旨、掌握文章結(jié)構(gòu)、識(shí)別邏輯關(guān)系、把握細(xì)節(jié)信息等。在七選五剛出現(xiàn)的幾年，大家都認(rèn)為七選五就是送分題，憑借小標(biāo)題和單詞復(fù)現(xiàn)就能輕松得滿分。但現(xiàn)在考生普遍認(rèn)為七選五就是一大坑，干擾項(xiàng)看上去都像正確答案，且犯錯(cuò)成本較高，一不小心選錯(cuò)了一題，有可能導(dǎo)致“絕命連環(huán)殺”。因此，筆者結(jié)合全國(guó)Ⅰ卷的七選五語(yǔ)篇類型及設(shè)空分布，給考生提供應(yīng)考策略。

一、高考真題七選五考情分析

從表1可知，七選五多以考查說(shuō)明文為主。在采用新課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅰ卷時(shí)，設(shè)空多以段首1個(gè)，段中3個(gè)，段尾1個(gè)的方式進(jìn)行考查。但從2021年采用新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷開(kāi)始，設(shè)空在段中的考查增加到了4個(gè)，且近四年雖然有兩次考查了段首句，但小標(biāo)題類的設(shè)空方式?jīng)]再出現(xiàn)。 段中句設(shè)空主要是檢驗(yàn)考生是否能識(shí)別和理解文章中的邏輯關(guān)系，比如因果、轉(zhuǎn)折、遞進(jìn)、對(duì)比等，能否將所選句子與前后文信息合理融合，形成連貫的語(yǔ)篇。

二、應(yīng)考策略

1.先讀選項(xiàng)，進(jìn)行提項(xiàng)整意，后讀文章

所謂的提項(xiàng)整意就是提煉句子要點(diǎn)，提取選項(xiàng)句子的整體意思，去除它的細(xì)枝末節(jié)。段中設(shè)空句往往由10多個(gè)單詞的句子構(gòu)成，如果考生逐字翻譯就會(huì)被太多的信息所干擾，因此考生對(duì)選項(xiàng)的關(guān)注點(diǎn)應(yīng)該是各選項(xiàng)中的名詞、動(dòng)詞和形容詞。利用提項(xiàng)整意法總結(jié)整體意思，并把整體信息寫在選項(xiàng)后作為提醒，然后閱讀原文進(jìn)行信息匹配。如2021年新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷七選五的選項(xiàng)，我們可以這樣進(jìn)行提項(xiàng)整意：

A．Not all the "customers are tourists.顧客來(lái)源

B．The "quality of life in France is equally "excellent. 法國(guó)人生活質(zhì)量

C．There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable "bed. 房子里有什么

D．The amazing food is mainly consumed by local "farmers. 食物被誰(shuí)吃

E．Thats not the only "reason the French eat less than we do. 法國(guó)人吃得少的原因

F．Our aim was to see if we could live， in some way， like real Parisians. 在法國(guó)用什么方式生活

G．The food is so delicious that you dont need much of it to make you happy. 法國(guó)人為什么可以少吃

［例1］ 2021年新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷第37題：… Unlike a normal Parisian apartment， the plumbing （水管） worked. "37 "Our building even had a tiny lift… 這一段主要是涉及房子，根據(jù)提項(xiàng)整意馬上發(fā)現(xiàn)C就是正確答案。

［例2］ 2021年新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷第38題： …they eat great "food and never gain weight. "38 "French strawberries do not taste like cardboard. Instead， they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs. 這里主要講food， 通過(guò)提項(xiàng)整意法發(fā)現(xiàn)D和G選項(xiàng)都涉及food，但這里主要講到法國(guó)人吃得好又不長(zhǎng)胖是因?yàn)槭澄锾牢恫恍枰看缶涂梢垣@得滿足，這樣邏輯就通了，故選G。

2.明確代詞指代關(guān)系

七選五就是考查上下文之間的銜接，而代詞是語(yǔ)篇銜接的重要手段之一，考生可以通過(guò)代詞指代來(lái)理解語(yǔ)篇的顯性銜接和連貫性，所以考生在解題時(shí)要善于利用這一銜接手段。當(dāng)然在文章里會(huì)出現(xiàn)若干個(gè)代詞，考生應(yīng)遵循就近原則和一致原則來(lái)選擇，可以概括為：遇代詞，向前看，人對(duì)人，物對(duì)物，單復(fù)對(duì)單復(fù)。七選五常見(jiàn)代詞請(qǐng)見(jiàn)表2。

如2024年新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷七選五選項(xiàng)B．It takes no account of the context. 及選項(xiàng)F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes. 那么選項(xiàng)中的It 和That分別指代什么呢？

［例3］ 2024年新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷第36題：If you want to be published， its vital to submit a perfect， professionally presented manuscript （原稿）. "36" 選項(xiàng)F中的“That”是對(duì)上一句manuscript要求的進(jìn)一步解釋說(shuō)明，故選F。

［例4］ 2024年新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷第37題：I dont trust my laptops spellchecker. "37 "根據(jù)it的語(yǔ)法功能，選項(xiàng)B中的“It”應(yīng)指代上句的spellchecker， 并且解釋了不信任它的原因，具有承上啟下的作用，故選B。同理，考生也可以利用代詞進(jìn)行反推上一句。

［例5］ 2024年新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷第38題： "38 ""It should give you a precise definition of each word，…根據(jù)空后的“It”， 我們可以斷定空中句肯定出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)單數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，而選項(xiàng)E中，…a dictionary is not only for spelling. 中“a dictionary”恰好就是一個(gè)名詞的單數(shù)形式，再結(jié)合段落意思是關(guān)于詞典的功能，故選E。

3.尋找邏輯連接

語(yǔ)篇中的連接概念專指相鄰句子或句群之間的語(yǔ)義連接關(guān)系。連詞既包括連詞性詞匯，如and， but， or， for等，也包括具有連接意義的副詞或介詞短語(yǔ)，如constantly， in the meanwhile等。七選五常見(jiàn)的邏輯關(guān)系如表3：

［例6］2024年新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷第39題： 39 "However， if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage， theres nothing better. 根據(jù)空后的 “However”可知這里存在著轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，且下句涉及到詞典的使用情況與A選項(xiàng)I dont often use this dictionary.正好構(gòu)成上下文轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。

［例7］2024年新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷第40題： “To make dictionaries is dull （乏味） work，” wrote Johnson， illustrating one definition of “dull”. ""40 "A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience.

C．But I still dont want to replace them.

D．But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.

這里出現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)都含有表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的“But”選項(xiàng)，但與“dull”構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的應(yīng)該是“pleasure”，故選D。

4.巧用詞義復(fù)現(xiàn)

詞義的復(fù)現(xiàn)是作者為了保證文章前后銜接而使用的一種寫作手法，即作者在文章上下文的不同位置對(duì)同一概念進(jìn)行重復(fù)描述。詞義的復(fù)現(xiàn)主要包括：原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、同（近）義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、話題詞（上下義詞）復(fù)現(xiàn)等。

［例8］2022年新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷第39題： My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do， how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session， and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities， and provided her phone number.

39

E. How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice？

G. Any notice for a training partner should include such information.

E和G是第39題的備選答案，同時(shí)它們也是一對(duì)干擾項(xiàng)，因?yàn)樗鼈兌汲霈F(xiàn)了原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)（notice），但這里主要是以作者搭檔的notice為例，列舉了notice所要包含的信息，故選G。

［例9］2023年新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷第40題： "40 Were all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.

G．Whatever the mistake， remember it isnt a fixed aspect of your personality.

本段落及G選項(xiàng)中都出現(xiàn)了原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)（mistake），且G項(xiàng)中的“isnt fixed”與空后“changing” 恰好是反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，故選G。

雖然七選五的難度比以往增大了，但實(shí)際上它就考指代、邏輯及同義。只要考生能堅(jiān)持先選項(xiàng)，后文章的原則，掌握三個(gè)解題方法，并勤加練習(xí)，七選五取得滿分并非遙不可及。

綜合練習(xí)：

In the past few years， online learning has become a significant part of the university and college experience. "1 "But are all online courses created equal？ How can you be sure that digital learning is right for you？ "2

We interviewed students and professors to get their advice about online courses. The most obvious advantage of online learning is that you can study anywhere and anytime.

3 “I think a point that many people lose sight of is how easy it can be to fall behind schedule，” says graduate student Amanda Bindman. Before choosing to study online， consider whether youre a self-motivated learner and if the material seems interesting enough to keep you going.

The tip that comes up most often is simple： build online courses into your weekly schedule， just like what you would do with in person courses. "4 "He noted that his online students usually end up with lower grades. It is so easy to let an online course slide， but your grades will suffer as a result. Be sure to schedule set times to watch your lectures， read materials and contribute to online discussion boards.

5 "A social connection is often a big part of learning. There are things you can do to ease this problem. Jessica Pink， an undergraduate student， suggests taking online courses with a friend， so you can motivate each other to stay on track. You can also find students on the class discussion board to organize a study group， or schedule in-person meetings with your professor to discuss course concepts.

A．But that doesnt mean there arent deadlines.

B．Your motivation should be your main concern.

C．Do you know that online courses are also part of your education？

D．Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online.

E．The chief complaint about online courses is that they lack human interaction.

F．If you take an online course， what can you do to ensure the best possible grade？

G．A survey found that 29 percent of college students registered for online courses.

參考答案：1．G 2．F 3．A 4．D 5．E

【作者簡(jiǎn)介：中學(xué)英語(yǔ)一級(jí)教師。從教20多年，常年擔(dān)任備課組長(zhǎng)工作，擁有多年高考備考經(jīng)驗(yàn)。多次在市級(jí)高考模擬試題命題比賽中獲獎(jiǎng)，多篇論文發(fā)表在《廣東教育（高中）》《父母課堂（中小學(xué)版）》等雜志】

責(zé)任編輯 吳昊雷